水钾耦合对烤烟生长及产量和品质的影响

Effects of Water-potassium Coupling on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

探讨贵州省黔东南州烤烟种植适宜的水钾耦合模式。采用田间小区试验,设置3种灌水水平,分别为1水平(W1:0.50 L/株)、2水平(W2:1.00 L/株)、3水平(W3:2.00 L/株),3种施钾水平,分别为1水平(K1:135 kg/hm^2)、2水平(K2:270 kg/hm^2)、3水平(K3:405 kg/hm^2),研究了不同灌水量和施钾量耦合处理对烤烟生长、烟叶产量和品质的影响。在烤烟成熟期,灌水量和施钾量均对烤烟的株高、最大叶面积、茎围和根体积有显著或极显著影响,且有交互效应;灌水量和施钾量均对C3F等级烟叶总糖、还原糖、烟碱、总氮、钾和含氯量有显著影响,烟叶评吸质量得分和外观质量得分均随着灌水量和施钾量的增加而增加,且有交互效应;灌水量和施钾量均对烤烟的产量有显著影响,且有交互效应。总体来看,中高水和中钾组合处理(W2K2和W3K2)烟株生长状况较佳,烟叶产量较高,品质较好。通过线性拟合得出在一定范围内株高和根体积对烟叶产量的增加具有正相关性。在贵州省黔东南州烟区以灌水量为1.00~2.00 L/株和施钾量为270 kg/hm^2的水钾耦合处理对促进烤烟生长,提高产量和改善烟叶品质效果较好。从提高产量和节水节肥的角度考虑,W2K2(1.00 L/株,270 kg/hm^2)和W3K2(2.00 L/株,270 kg/hm^2)处理可作为基于本试验条件下较适宜的水肥组合。

The aims of this study were to reveal the appropriate mode for water-potassium coupling of flue-cured tobacco in Qiandongnan Prefecture,Guizhou province.Three irrigation rates:0.50 L/plant(W1),1.00 L/plant(W1)and 2.00 L/plant(W3),and three potassium fertilizer rates:135 kg/ha(K1),270 kg/ha(K2)and 405 kg/ha(K3)were set in this field plot experiment,resulting in a total of nine treatments.The effects of different potassium application rate and water irrigation rate coupling treatments on the growth of flue-cured tobacco,yield and quality of tobacco leaf were studied.Different water and fertilizer amounts significantly or extremely significant influenced the plant height,maximum leaf area,stem girth and root volume,and interaction effect existed between water and fertilizer amounts.Water and fertilizer amounts significantly influenced total sugar,reduced sugar,alkaloid,total nitrogen,potassium and chloride contents in tobacco leaves(C3F grade),the smoking quality and appearance quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf increased with the increase of irrigation rate and K rate,and interaction effect existed between them.Water and fertilizer rate significantly influenced tobacco yield,and interaction effect existed between them.Considering all above,when irrigation water quantity was 1.00-2.00 L/plant,K application rate was 270 kg/ha(W2K2 and W3K2),the growth of tobacco plant,yield and quality of tobacco leaves were improved.Linear fitting revealed a positive relationship between plant height,root volume and yield of tobacco leaves within a certain range.When irrigation rate was 1.00-2.00 L per plant,K application rate was 270 kg/ha,water-potassium coupling treatment had a good effect in promoting tobacco plant growth,increasing yield and improving quality of tobacco leaves in tobacco-planting in Qiandongnan Prefecture,Guizhou province.From the view of obtaining high yield and saving water and fertilizer,W2K2(1.00 L/plant,270 kg/ha)and W3K2(2.00 L/plant,270 kg/ha)treatment can be used as an appropriate combination under the present experimental conditions.