矿井广播系统及其在煤矿应急通信中的应用探讨

Discussion on mine broadcasting system and its application in coal mine emergency communication

介绍了矿井广播系统的发展历程和基于IP技术的矿井广播系统、基于CAN总线的矿井广播系统和基于无线Mesh网络的矿井广播系统的研究现状,分析了3种广播系统的特点:基于IP技术的矿井广播系统实现了从地面调度室向井下工作面可靠而快速地下达紧急通知,但是光缆主要铺设在大巷中,网络覆盖率低,并且使用IP广播需要大量IP空间,而矿井环境复杂,设备布设困难,不易接收信号,抗灾变能力差;基于CAN总线的矿井广播系统具有传输距离远、通信速率快、通信方式灵活、传输稳定等优点,但由于各节点不平等共享总线带宽,会出现多个节点同时竞争总线的情况,影响通信的稳定性和实时性;无线Mesh网络具有可靠性高、覆盖范围广、组网灵活等优点,但由于无线Mesh的多跳机制,随着无线Mesh网络规模的扩大,跳接越来越多,积累的总延迟也越大。指出随着煤炭行业转型升级,煤矿安全生产技术的不断完善,矿井广播系统将朝着提高抗灾变能力、功能多元化、系统智能化和多系统融合化的方向发展;从安全监测、调度指挥、信息传输3个方面总结了矿井广播系统在煤矿应急通信中的应用前景,指出矿井广播系统与人员定位系统结合是未来煤矿调度指挥的典型模式,有线和无线路由自适应功能将极大地提升应急通信系统的抗灾变能力和可靠性。

Development history of mine broadcasting system and the research status of mine broadcasting system based on IP technology,mine broadcasting system based on CAN bus,and mine broadcasting system based on wireless Mesh network were introduced.The characteristics of three kinds of broadcasting systems are analyzed.Mine broadcasting system based on IP technology realizes reliable and fast emergency notification from ground dispatching room to underground working surface,but the optical cable is mainly laid in the roadway,network coverage is low,besides,the use of IP broadcasting requires a lot of IP space,and because the mine environment is complex,the equipments are difficult to set up and receive signals,and have poor resistant capability to disaster.Mine broadcasting system based on CAN bus has the advantages of long transmission distance,fast communication rate,flexible communication method,stable transmission,etc.,but because each node unequally shares the bus bandwidth,there will be situations where multiple nodes compete for the bus at the same time which affects stability and real-time performance of communication.Wireless Mesh network has the advantages of high reliability,wide coverage,and flexible networking.However,due to the multi-hop mechanism of the wireless Mesh,as the scale of wireless Mesh network expands,more and more hops are connected,and the total accumulated delay is great.It is pointed out that with the transformation and upgrading of coal industry and the continuous improvement of safe production technology in coal mines,mine broadcasting system will develop in the direction of improving disaster resistance,diversified functions,system intelligence,and multi-system integration;application prospects of mine broadcasting system in coal mine emergency communications is summarized from three aspects of safety monitoring,dispatching command,information transmission,it is pointed out that the combination of mine broadcasting system and personnel positioning system is a typical model of future coal mine dispatching command,adaptive function of wired and wireless routing will greatly improve resistant capability to disaster and reliability of the emergency communication system.