国民革命时期的广东农会述论

Guangdong Peasants’ Associations in National Revolution Period

国民革命时期广东农会组织大体经历了创建兴起、低潮秘密、复兴高涨、逐渐消退等四个发展阶段。主要活动及其贡献表现在组织农民参加统一和巩固广东根据地的斗争;支援北伐战争;开展反对帝国主义的斗争;夺取和掌握农村政治权力;开展经济斗争和乡村建设等诸多方面。其组织蓬勃发展的主要原因是:中国共产党关于农民组织理论和政策的感召与指导;国共合作旗帜下国民党及广东革命政府的大力扶助;中共广东区委正确的组织领导和工作方法;近代以来广东人民光荣革命传统的激励和影响;等等。国民革命时期广东农会组织的基本性质是以贫苦农民为主体的乡村政治联盟;准政权型的农民自治性组织;为农民利益奋斗的先锋队组织。其在发展过程中呈现的历史特点为:它是在中共直接领导和国共合作旗帜下发展起来的群众组织;在组成过程中具有建立早、发展快、规模大的发展态势;形成了层层连接而严密的直属组织系统;组织活动具有明确的斗争纲领和奋斗目标;在领导农民运动中采取了经济斗争和政治斗争相结合的策略方针;在组织发展中亦呈现出了区域的局限性及其组织性质的政治即时性。广东农民协会对全国农会组织的建立和农民运动的发展产生了巨大的辐射和影响作用。

During the period of the National Revolution,the peasants’ associations in Guangdong underwent the four stages of founding,ebbing,reviving,and declining days. The main activities and contributions include organizing peasants to participate in the struggle of unifying and consolidating the base areas in Guangdong,supporting the Northern Expedition,fighting against imperialism,seizing political power in rural areas and carrying out economic struggle and rural construction.Their rapid development were mainly attributed to factors such as the CPC guidance in peasant organization theories and policies,the support from Kuomintang and the Guangdong revolutionary government under the banner of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation,the correct organizational leadership and working methods of the CPC Guangdong District Committee,and the influence of the revolutionary tradition of the people in Guangdong. Guangdong peasants’ associations in that period were rural political alliance whose main body was poor peasants,and they were organizations of peasant autonomy and vanguards fighting for the interests of the peasants. They were mass organizations that developed under the direct leadership of CPC and the banner of the cooperation between KMT and CPC,and they formed a directly affiliated organization system tightly connected at all levels. Their organized activities had a clear struggle program and objective and they took measures in leading peasant movements,combining economic struggle with political struggle. Guangdong peasants’ associations cast immense influence on the establishment of National Peasants’ Association and the development of peasant movements.