青贮玉米不同器官产量贡献率对密度调控的响应

Response by Planting Density on Yield Contribution of Different Organ to the Whole Plant in Silage Maize

为揭示不同类型青贮玉米各器官产量对于密度调控的响应规律,以粮饲兼用型品种冀承单3号及青贮专用型品种真金青贮31号为供试材料,设5个密度梯度,分别为45000,60000,75000,90000,97500株/hm^2,采用随机区组试验设计,进行了青贮玉米不同器官对全株饲用产量贡献率的比较研究。结果表明:冀承单3号全株产量主要贡献器官为籽粒,其次是茎秆和叶片;在45000株/hm^2及97500株/hm^2密度下,真金青贮31号全株产量主要贡献器官为叶片,其次为茎秆,再次为籽粒;而在75000株/hm^2密度下,真金青贮31号全株产量主要贡献器官为籽粒,其次为叶片,再次为茎秆。随着种植密度的增加,茎秆及叶片产量贡献率呈现先降后升变化趋势,苞叶、穗轴及籽粒呈现先升后降变化趋势;而茎秆及叶片含水率随着密度的增加呈现先升后降变化趋势,苞叶、穗轴及籽粒含水率随着密度增加呈现先降后升变化趋势。全株产量与鲜草器官产量呈正相关关系,与籽粒器官产量呈负相关关系,各器官产量均与其含水量呈负相关关系。从全株青贮产量最高角度,推荐冀承单3号适宜种植密度90000株/hm^2,推荐真金青贮31号适宜种植密度75000株/hm^2。

To research the characteristics of response by planting density in each organ yield for different type silage maize,food-forage dual purpose maize Jichengdan 3 and forage maize Zhenjin 31 were used as trial materials under the density of five different levels as 45000,60000,75000,90000,97500 plants/ha by randomized block design.The yield contribution by different organ to the whole plant of different silage maize was compared.The result showed that:The main contribution organ of plant yield for Jichengdan 3 was the kernel under the condition of all trial density,the second was the stem and the third was the leaves.Under the density of 45000 plants/ha and 97500 plants/ha,the main contribution organ for Zhenjin 31 was the leaves,the second was the stem and the third was the kernel;Under the density of 75000 plants/ha,the main contribution organ for Zhenjin 31 was the kernel,the second was the leaves and the third was the stem.With the increase of planting density,the yield contribution of stem and leaves presented first down and then up trend;the contribution of the bract,the spike-stalk and the kernel presented first up and then down trend.While with the increase of planting density,the moisture content of stem and leaves presented first up and then down trend,the moisture content of the bract,the spike-stalk and the kernel presented first down and then up trend.The forage yield of the whole plant presented the positive correlation with the yield of straw organ,and the negative correlation with the kernel organ;to all kinds of organ,including the straw organ and kernel organ,there were negative correlation between the yield and the moisture content.Consideration of the highest forage yield,the recommendation of the suitable density was 90000 plants/ha for Jichengdan 3,and 75000 plants/ha for Zhenjin 31.