土壤改良剂对中稻-再生稻产量与氮肥利用的影响

Effect of Soil Amendments Application on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization in Mid-season-rice-ratoon-rice System

为了探究土壤改良剂对水稻产量和氮肥利用的影响,为中稻-再生稻增产与肥料高效利用以及稻田次生障碍阻控提供理论支撑。以准两优608(2016年)和晶两优华占(2017年)为试验材料,设施用过氧化钙(CaO2)、施用生物石灰(Bi-CaO)、施用硅肥(SiO2)、常规施肥(NPK)和不施肥(NF)5个处理。分别测定了水稻产量和氮肥利用相关的指标。结果表明,施用土壤改良剂显著增加中稻-再生稻系统产量,与常规施肥(NPK)相比较头季产量增幅达7.37%~17.78%,再生季可增产493.3~982.2 kg/hm^2。施用土壤改良剂显著提高中稻-再生稻有效穗数与头季结实率和穗粒数,且显著增强其各生育期干物质积累。土壤改良剂显著提高中稻-再生稻植株氮素吸收与积累,且后期以施用过氧化钙(CaO2)效果最佳。施用土壤改良剂显著促进中稻-再生稻系统氮肥高效利用,与NPK相比较施用改良剂处理氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)、肥料氮贡献率(NCT)、氮肥农学利用率(AEN)和氮素回收率(REN)均显著增加,其中NPFP和AEN分别增加了2.92~7.53 kg/kg,4.76~7.53 kg/kg,NCT和REN分别增加6.32~9.65,34.40~46.11百分点;施用土壤改良剂显著降低了中稻-再生稻系统土壤氮素依存率(SNDR)及氮肥生理利用率(PEN)。研究结果表明,施用土壤改良剂可显著促进中稻-再生稻增产与氮肥高效利用,综合水稻产量与氮肥利用表现,施用过氧化钙(CaO2)对中稻-再生稻促进作用最佳,其次是施用硅肥(SiO2),均优于施用生物石灰(Bi-CaO)处理。

To study the effect of soil amendments application on rice yield and nitrogen utilization in the mid-season-rice-ratoon rice system and provide theoretical and experimental basis for yield increase,fertilizer efficient utilization,and secondary barrier reduction.Two rice cultivars,Zhunliangyou 608(ZLY 608,2016)and Jingliangyouhuazhan(JLYHZ,2017)were chosen as materials,and five treatments were set,calcium peroxide(CaO2),bio-lime(Bi-CaO),silicon fertilizer(SiO2),normal NPK(NPK)and no fertilizer(NF).Rice yield,component of yield and nitrogen utilization related index were examined respectively.Results showed that soil amendments application could significantly increase rice yield of mid-season-rice-ratoon rice,with increasing 7.37%-17.78%in the main season,and 493.3-982.2 kg/ha in ratoon season compared with NPK.Soil amendments application significantly increased the effective panicle of both season,seed setting and grains/panicle of the main season,besides it could significantly enhance the dry matter accumulation of each period.Soil amendments application significantly increased the nitrogen absorption and accumulation of mid-season-rice-ratoon rice,and applied with CaO2 worked best in the late period.Besides,soil amendments application significantly promoted the nitrogen efficient utilization of mid-season rice ratoon rice system.Compared with NPK,the N partial factor productivity(NPFP),N fertilizer contribution rate(NCT),Agronomic nitrogen efficiency(AEN)and N recovery efficiency(REN)of the amendments applied treatment increased significantly,of which the NPFP and AEN increased 2.92-7.53 kg/kg and 4.76-7.53 kg/kg respectively.The NCT and REN increased 6.32-9.65 and 34.40-46.11 percentage points respectively.Besides,soil amendments application could significantly reduce the dependent rate of soil nitrogen(SNDR)and physiological N use efficiency(PEN)of the mid-season-rice-ratoon rice system.This research proved that soil amendments application could significantly increase the yield of mid-season-rice-ratoon rice and promoted the nitrogen efficient utilization.Combine the rice yield with N utilization,application with calcium peroxide(CaO2)had the best promoting effect on the mid-season-rice-ratoon rice growth,followed by silicon fertilizer(SiO2)application,which were better than bio-lime(Bi-CaO)application.