青年男性军人特质焦虑与积极消极情绪的关系:沉思的中介效应与文化程度的调节作用

Relationship between trait anxiety and positive and negative affect in young male military personnel: roles of rumination and educational level

目的探索青年军人积极消极情绪的特点,沉思在特质焦虑与积极消极情绪中的中介作用及文化程度对中介模型的调节作用。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2018年10月19-22日对陆军某部官兵分4批次开展心理问卷测评,各批次被试统一集中在3个会场,每个会场均有专业心理学人员进行现场指导。测评工具包括特质焦虑分量表、沉思反应量表、积极消极情绪量表及人口学信息问卷。结果①积极情绪各条目得分在2.51~3.97之间,消极情绪各条目得分为1.86~2.70。②消极情绪与特质焦虑、沉思呈中度正相关(r=0.322~0.365,P<0.01),积极情绪与特质焦虑呈中度负相关(r=-0.463,P<0.01)。③本科及以上学历组军人的积极情绪、消极情绪得分均显著高于大专组和高中(含中专)以下组,除大专组与高中(含中专)及以下组的消极情绪差异不显著外,其余各组间比较差异显著(P<0.001;P<0.05)。④沉思在特质焦虑与积极情绪关系中的中介效应为遮掩效应,中介效应与直接效应的比例绝对值为SymboljC@0.024/-0.383SymboljC@;沉思可部分中介特质焦虑与消极情绪的关系,其中介效应占总效应的13.86%。⑤积极情绪为效标变量时,各限定模型之间χ~2值之差Δχ~2在相应的自由度差(Δdf)上有明显差异(P<0.001),不同文化水平组中沉思-积极情绪路径的路径系数差分别为-3.666、-2.323,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论青年男性军人呈现出积极情绪高、消极情绪低的特点,有着较好的情绪平衡性。沉思在特质焦虑与积极情绪关系中表现为遮掩效应,且沉思-积极情绪后半路径受到文化程度的调节;在特质焦虑与消极情绪关系中,沉思起部分中介作用。

Objective To explore the characteristics of positive and negative affect in young male military personnel and the effect of trait anxiety(TA), rumination and educational level on positive and negative affect. Methods We surveyed the military personnel serving in an army unit of PLA using cluster sampling in October 19 to 20, 2018. We arranged 4 survey sessions, in which a total of 4 004 participants aged 18~38 years were asked to complete Trait Anxiety Subscale, Ruminative Responses Scale(RSS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS) and a demographic information questionnaire with on-site guidance by professional psychologists. Results ①The scores of positive affect(PA) and negative affect(NA) were 2.51~3.97 and 1.86~2.70 among the surveyed participants, respectively. ②NA was positively correlated with TA and RSS(r=0.322-0.365, P<0.01), while PA was negatively correlated with TA(r=-0.463, P<0.01). ③The participants with a bachelor degree or above had significantly higher scores for PA and NA than those with a junior college or a senior high school education(P<0.001 or 0.05). ④The mediating effect of rumination on the relationship between TA and PA was presented as a suppressive effect, and the absolute ratio of its mediating effect to direct effect was SymboljC@0.024/-0.383SymboljC@. Rumination could partially mediate the relationship between TA and NA, and its mediating effect accounted for 13.86% of the total effect. ⑤With PA as the criterion variable, the value of Δχ~2(Δdf) was differed significantly between the structured weight model and the structural residual model(P<0.001). Pairwise parameter comparisons showed significant differences in rumination-PA path coefficients between the participants with different education levels(-3.666 vs-2.323, P<0.05). Conclusion Young male military personnel presents with a high positive affect and a low negative affect with a good affect balance. Rumination has a suppressive effect on the relationship between trait anxiety and PA, and rumination-PA path is moderated by the education level;rumination is also a partial mediator of the relationship between TA and NA.