陕甘宁边区土地买卖问题初探

A Preliminary Study on Land Sales in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region

长期以来,学术界对陕甘宁边区土地租佃关系研究较多,而对于土地买卖则关注较少。从马维新家买地这个典型例证来看,地主土地的集中主要是通过高利贷以及灾荒大量典买农民土地而完成的。对于土地买卖中的一些特殊情况,优先承买权有利于稳定土地耕作关系,故边区政府保护承租者和承佃者的优先购买权。关注边区土地买卖的具体情况,在绥德分区主要存在一些"典""卖"不清的问题,以及优先承买权方面的纠纷,在晋西北主要是富农和中农买地最为活跃,贫农买地较少。总体看来,与土地租佃、土地典当等流转形式相比,边区时期土地买卖关系相对较少;在绥德等新区,土地纠纷较多。

For a long time,the academia has studied more about the land tenancy relationship in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region,while less attention has been paid to land sales.Judging from the typical example of Ma Wei′s new home purchase,the concentration of landlord′s land is mainly achieved through the sale of peasant land through usury and famine.For some special cases in the sale of land,the priority of the right to buy is conducive to stabilizing the land farming relationship,so the border government protects the preemptive rights of the tenant and the incumbent.Concerned about the specific situation of land purchase and sale in the border area,there are some problems in the Jude area,such as "pawning" and "selling",as well as disputes over priority purchase rights.In the northwestern part of Shanxi,the richest farmers and middle peasants are most active buyers,while the poor peasants are less.In general,compared with the land tenure,land pawn and other forms of circulation,the land purchase and sale relationship in the border area is relatively small.In the new district such as Jude,there are more land disputes.