美白牙膏去除人离体牙咖啡及茶渍效果的比较研究

Comparison of effectiveness of whitening toothpaste on removing coffee and tea stains: in vitro study

目的研究一种含过氧化物的美白牙膏对咖啡及茶渍色素去除的效果及差异。方法选择2018年9月至2019年5月北京大学口腔医院综合科因正畸需要新鲜拔除的完整人双尖牙20颗,采用随机数字表法分为2组(咖啡溶液浸泡组与红茶溶液浸泡组),每组10颗。美白牙膏配制为牙膏溶液,使用200 g压力,100次/分钟频率,140次作为1个刷牙周期(相当于刷牙1周),连续刷牙8周。应用Crystaleye分光光度比色仪进行颜色测定。表面颜色测定选取的时间点为:基线、染色后及每个刷牙周期后。计算染色后及每个刷牙周期后与基线值之间,国际照明委员会(CIE)颜色的明度值之差ΔL0-8*。各个样本染色后及每个刷牙周期后颜色与基线颜色之间的色差用ΔE0-8表示,各组不同测量点组内差异应用配对t检验进行统计分析。各组组间差异应用ANOVA方差分析进行统计,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果咖啡溶液浸泡组及红茶溶液浸泡组,随着美白牙膏刷牙时间的延长,ΔE值较染色后逐渐降低。但直至美白牙膏刷牙第8周,仍无法恢复到基线水平。咖啡溶液浸泡组美白牙膏刷牙第1周起,牙齿颜色变化ΔE1(5.2±1.4)较染色后ΔE0(6.1±1.3)差异有统计学意义(t=9.1,P<0.001)。红茶溶液浸泡组美白牙膏刷牙第4周起,牙齿颜色变化ΔE4(5.6±1.5)较染色后ΔE0(6.4±1.1)差异有统计学意义(t=2.7,P=0.025)。咖啡溶液浸泡组及红茶溶液浸泡组,离体牙样本明度值较基线值明显降低,从美白牙膏刷牙第1周起,ΔL1^*(-4.3±0.9;-4.2±1.0)较染色后ΔL0^*(-5.3±0.9;-6.1±1.2)差异有统计学意义(tΔL1^*=-9.4,PΔL1^*<0.001;tΔL0^*=-12.1,PΔL0^*<0.001)。结论美白牙膏能够在一定程度上去除咖啡及红茶造成的牙面着色。其改善效果与使用时间成正相关。对于不同着色类型,美白牙膏去除外源性色素的效果不尽相同。

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of a peroxide-containing whitening toothpaste on the removal of coffee and black tea stains.MethodsA total of 20 double-cuspid teeth that needed to be removed due to orthodontic treatment were collected from Department of General Dentistry,Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology,from Sep.2018 to May 2019,and divided into two groups using the random number table method,i.e.coffee and black tea groups.A toothpaste solution was prepared with whitening toothpaste,where the teeth were brushed with a pressure of 200 g and a frequency of 100 strokes/min.During the brushing,140 strokes were set as a brushing cycle,and eight continuouscycles were taken.Color analysis of each tooth was performed using a Crystaleye spectrophotometer.Surface color was determined before and after staining,and at the end of each brushing cycle(t1-8).Thechange in the lightness of the color(Commission International d′Eclairage,CIE)between each time pointswas marked asΔL0-8,while the color difference wasΔE0-8.Data between time points and groups wereanalyzed with paired t test and ANOVA,respectively.A significant level was set at 0.05.ResultsTheΔE value of both the coffee and black tea groups was found to gradually decrease as the brushing timeextended.However,it was not possible to return to the baseline even after the 8 th week of brushing.Forcoffee solution group,the tooth color changeΔE1(5.2±1.4)was significantly different from the first week(6.1±1.3;t=9.1,P<0.001).But for black tea group,the tooth color changeΔE4(5.6±1.5)wassignificantly different from the fourth week(6.4±1.1;t=2.7,P=0.025).For both the coffee and black teagroup,the brightness value was significantly lower than the baseline.The change of the brightness from thefirst week of whitening toothpaste brushing(ΔL1^*,-4.3±0.9;-4.2±1.0)showed a significant differencefrom the point of staining(ΔL0^*,-5.3±0.9;-6.1±1.2;t=-9.4;t=-12.1,P<0.001).Conclusions Whitening toothpaste could remove tooth surface staining caused by coffee and black tea to some extent.The improvement effect was positively related to the time of use and also seemed dependent on the stains.