照看子女、劳动参与和灵活就业:中国女性如何平衡家庭与工作

Child Care,Labor Force Participation and Flexible Employment:How do Chinese Mother Balance Family and Work?

文章利用中国家庭收入调查2007和2008年数据研究了未成年子女对女性劳动参与和职业选择的影响。研究结果表明,家中有未成年子女显著降低了女性工作的可能性,提升了工作女性选择灵活就业的可能性;学龄前子女更有可能导致女性退出劳动力市场,而6-14岁子女更有可能导致女性选择灵活就业;不工作和选择灵活就业使女性更有可能成为学龄前子女的主要照顾者,但灵活就业并没有减少女性的工作时间;女性获得工作灵活性的代价是工资水平显著下降。上述结论在解决了女性劳动参与、职业选择和生育决策的内生性问题之后依然是稳健的。文章的结论对"全面二孩"政策背景保障女性就业有一定借鉴意义。

Using the data from China Household Income Project 2007 and 2008,we investigate the effect of minor children on woman’s labor force participation and flexible employment. The results show that presence of minor children significantly decrease woman’s labor force participation rate but increase the probability of choosing flexible employment. The effect of minor children on woman’s labor force participation and flexible employment different with children’s age. The preschool children cause woman choose to drop out of the workforce more likely than children with age between 6 and 14. However,children with age between 6 and 14 years old are more likely cause woman to choose flexible employment. We also find that woman who choose flexible employment are more likely to be the primary caregivers for their children. The price for woman choosing flexible employment is to give up some wage. Finally,we find that the effect of minor children on man’s labor force participation and flexible employment is insignificant. The policy implications is promoting flexible employment and protecting flexible workers’ right can promote women’s employment. That will be helpful to use"gender dividends"to dive economic growth.