强化微生物修复石油污染海洋的研究进展

Enhanced microbial remediation of petroleum-polluted marine environment

海洋石油污染使石油烃(Petroleum hydrocarbons,PHCs)成为海洋重要有机污染物.快速有效清除石油污染物是当前急需解决的海洋环境问题之一.利用石油烃降解菌(Petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria,PHDB)进行的原位微生物修复是一种对环境友好且较经济的清除石油污染场所和管理海洋表面溢油的有效技术.本文综述了石油烃降解菌的特性和对环境的适应性.重点分析探讨了引入外源微生物,投加生物表面活性剂、添加营养物质和增加溶解氧含量、采用微生物固定化技术等方法强化原位微生物修复石油污染海洋的机制和研究进展.展望了海洋石油污染微生物修复领域的研究前景.

Petroleum hydrocarbons(PHCs)have become major organic pollutants in marine environments.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop technology for the rapid and effective removal of marine PHCs.Microbial remediation is an environmentally friendly,economical,and effective technology for the remediation of petroleum-polluted sites and management of marine oil spills.This review summarizes various types of petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria(PHDB)used in marine petroleum pollution control,as well as the environmental adaptability of these bacteria.Subsequently,the mechanisms and research progress of enhanced in-situ microbial remediation of petroleum-polluted marine environment through methods such as the introduction of exogenous microbes,dosing biosurfactants,addition of nutrients,increasing dissolved oxygen concentration and microbe immobilization technology are analyzed and reviewed.Lastly,based on the benefits and limitations of the current methods,the research prospects in the field of microbial remediation of marine petroleum pollution are presented.