70年少数民族基础教育发展的“中国经验”

“China’s Experiences” in Seventy Years’ Ethnic Minority Basic Education Development

新中国成立70年以来,我国少数民族基础教育发展历经以优先发展小学教育为重心的教育起步阶段(1949-1977年)、以普及义务教育为目标的恢复发展阶段(1978-2000年)和以民族团结教育为抓手的内涵发展阶段(2000年至今)三个阶段。在国家和地方政策的支持和引导下,我国少数民族基础教育事业取得了重大成就:教育规模不断扩大,少数民族学生受教育权利得到保障;师资队伍逐步优化,少数民族基础教育质量得到提升;双语教育稳步推进,少数民族基础教育需求得到满足;教育投入持续增加,少数民族基础教育事业得到支持;民族团结进步教育不断深化,中华民族共同体意识不断铸牢。同时也形成了具有中国特色的发展模式,主要表现为坚持党的领导,保障民族基础教育事业发展;坚持因地制宜,满足人民群众实际需求;坚持文化共生场域建设,推动中华民族文化传承;坚持民族团结进步教育,铸牢中华民族共同体意识。

Ethnic minority basic education is both one of the fundamental part for our national education system and an indispensable element for the maintenance of ethnic solidarity and national stability.During the past seventy years since PRC was setting up,ethnic minority basic education experienced three stages including the initial exploration(1949—1977);recovery,adjustment and experience gathering(1978—2000);deepening reform and transformation(2001 onwards).Supported and guided by national and regional policies,it has attained profound achievements and significant development in education scale.Bi-lingual education,education information construction have both been steadily promoted,thus resulting in strengthened common awareness towards Chinese nation as a whole.A development model with Chinese characteristics featured by involving general public,emphasizing on cultural heritage,respecting cultural differences as well as national identification is formed up.