试论文化视角民族心理研究的方法论基础——约翰·贝理跨文化心理学思想的启示

Strengthening the Foundation of Ethnic Psychology Methodologies from Cultural Perspective——Implications of John Berry’s Cross Cultural Psychology

当代跨文化心理学较好地克服了现代心理学研究的文化局限和文化色盲问题,其方法论基础可供民族心理研究借鉴。笔者基于直接交流和原著研读,梳理了该学科的集大成者约翰·贝理(Berry,J.W.)的相关思想,获得如下启示:(1)加强文化取向的研究目标应包括验证主流心理学知识的适宜性、揭示民族心理的特殊性和共同性;(2)针对心理研究特点,全貌、深入把握文化概念;(3)文化与心理的关系是,人类基础性心理过程和机能共同,文化影响其实际发展和具体形式;(4)包容和完善多种范式和方法,使之形成互补和分工,并运用"派生客位"思维进行整合;(5)文化取向的心理研究较为复杂,需要加强理论探索,尤其是对人类学的研习和恰当借鉴。

Present cross-cultural psychology is better at solving the problems of cultural limitation and cultural blindness in modern psychology,so its methodological foundation can benefit ethnic psychology from cultural perspective.Based upon the reading of the classic works of,and the direct communication with,John Berry who is surely among the top cross-cultural psychologists of most wide influence,we have gained the following implications.(1)The objectives of researches from cultural perspective should include the cross-cultural test of the appropriateness of mainstream psychological knowledge to ethnic minorities,the exploration of the particularity and commonality of ethnic psychology.(2)For the sake of characteristics of psychological research,we should understand the concept of culture in a comprehensive and in-depth way.(3)As to the relationship between psychology and different cultures,we should follow moderate universalism that the basic human psychological processes and functionings are common,and their actual development and specific performance are influenced by different cultures.(4)Different research paradigms and methods should be included so as to allow them to take their different advantages and complement each other,and the integration of them can be carried out through the"derived etic"thinking.(5)Researches of psychology from cultural perspective are so complicated that it is necessary to strengthen studies of theoretical foundation in a interdisciplinary way,and the appropriate borrowing from anthropology in particular.