历史文本创作的微观过程：以“杨士奇举三事”故事衍生史为例

Microscopic Process of Historical Text Creation:Taking the Historical Evolution of the Story“Yang Shiqi’s Requesting Three Things”as the Case

清朝官修《明史·仁宗诚孝张皇后传》所载的“杨士奇举三事”故事,实源于民间道听途说,后从私修野史辗转进入官修正史。不可否认的是,它作为一种历史文本长期存在,当有其流行之合理性。根据《野记》所载故事内容,可以考证出其创作时间的下限为天顺五年。故事产生、流传之初,恰逢天顺朝面临着是否仿效永乐朝施行“革除”的问题。明代中后期,故事作为一个“事件”与其他真实发生过的历史事件结合,甚至发生文本互动,并在《名山藏》中建立起事件进展的基本链条。清代官修正史的过程中,明史馆馆臣又在事件链条的基础上对故事的若干破绽进行了修补弥缝。“杨士奇举三事”故事之衍生史,可为今人对历史文本形成的微观过程的反思提供典型案例与思想资源。

The story“Yang Shiqi’s Requesting Three Things”,which was compiled into the History of Ming by officials in the Qing dynasty,originated from the folk hearsay.It was first incorporated into the privately compiled history and then absorbed into the officially compiled history.No denying that it existed as a historical text for a long time,so it had the rationality of been popular.Based on the story recorded in the book Ye Ji,it can be proved that the time limit of the creation of Yang’s story is the 5th year of Emperor Tianshun’s reign(1461A.D.).The birth and circulation of the story coincided with the time when Emperor Tianshun faced the problem of whether emulating Emperor Yongle to abolish the reign title of Jingtai.In the middle and late Ming dynasty,the story was combined with other historical events,text interaction occurred,and the basic chain of event progress was established in Mingshan Cang.In the process of the Qing officials’compilation of the History of Ming,the official historians in the Bureau of Mingshi corrected some mistakes in the story on the basis of the event chain.In a word,the evolution history of the story of“Yang Shiqi’s Requesting Three Things”can provide intellectual resources and a typical case for people to reflect on the micro formation process of historical texts.