膝关节单髁置换术研究进展

Research progress in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

目的总结膝关节单髁置换术(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA)的临床应用及研究进展。方法广泛查阅近年国内外UKA相关文献,从UKA新出现的手术指征、假体类型选择、与其他术式对比以及最新进展等方面进行总结分析。结果临床研究表明UKA具有创伤小、恢复快、术后并发症少等诸多优点。目前该手术适应证有所扩展,体质量指数>25 kg/m^2、年龄<60岁、髌股关节炎及前交叉韧带功能不良不再属于手术禁忌证。UKA术中假体类型的选择需要充分考虑患者情况。近年,临床逐渐开展的机器人辅助UKA可有效改善手术疗效,提高患者术后满意度,降低术后并发症。结论随着手术技术、假体材料及机器人技术的发展,UKA临床应用会更广泛,但目前大多为短、中期随访研究,需要进一步观察长期随访结果以指导临床实践。

Objective To summarize the clinical application and research progress in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA).Methods The literature related to UKA in recent years was reviewed and the emerging indications,implant options,comparisons between other surgical techniques,and recent advances were summarized.Results Clinical studies show that UKA has many advantages,such as less trauma,faster recovery,and fewer postoperative complications.At present,the operative indication has been expanded.The body mass index more than 25 kg/m^2,less than 60 years old,patellofemoral arthritis,and anterior cruciate ligament dysfunction are no longer considered as contraindications.The prosthesis type in UKA should be selected according to the patient’s condition.In recent years,the robot-assisted UKA can effectively improve the effectiveness,improve patient satisfaction,and reduce postoperative complications.Conclusion With the development of surgical techniques,designs of prosthesis,and the robotic technology,UKA would be further applicated.As more long-term data on UKA become available,it will further guide clinicians in counseling patients on whether UKA should be performed.