学生家长教师对全面性教育内容的需求分析

Analysis of the needs of students, parents and teachers for comprehensive sexuality education content

目的了解中小学生、家长和教师对全面性教育内容的需求,为探讨全面性教育内容在中国的适用性提供基础参考。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,从北京、重庆、黑龙江(哈尔滨和佳木斯)和湖北(武汉和孝感)抽取5 571名中小学生和4 835名家长进行问卷调查。依托各省市的体质监测点在9个地区对176名学校性教育相关教师进行问卷调查。问卷的制定以《国际性教育技术指导纲要》中提出的全面性教育内容框架为基础。结果学生对于"关系"和"健康与福祉技能"概念下知识点的需求较高(小学生为53.4%,71.1%;初中生为57.6%,55.9%)。家长对大多数全面性教育内容需求较高,需求较低的内容为"性与性行为"和"性与生殖健康"(小学生为74.7%,74.3%;初中生为80.8%,75.8%)"。教师对大多数的全面性教育内容需求率均较高,但小学教师对于"价值观、权利、文化与性(65.9%)""性与性行为(60.1%)"和"性与生殖健康(66.8%)"3个概念下知识点的需求率较低。对应分析结果显示,对全面性教育内容需求最高的为初中教师,其次分别为小学家长、初中家长、小学教师、初中生和小学生。结论教师和家长对大多数全面性教育内容需求较高,而对一些相对敏感的内容需求较低;学生对全面性教育内容的需求相对较低。建议基于中国的实际需求,进一步完善学校性教育的内容。

Objective To understand the needs of primary and secondary school students, parents and teachers for comprehensive sexuality education content, and to explore the applicability of comprehensive sexuality education content in China. Methods By using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 5 571 primary and middle school students and 4 835 parents from Beijing, Chongqing, Heilongjiang(Harbin and Jiamusi) and Hubei(Wuhan and Xiaogan) were selected for questionnaire survey. Depending on the physical health monitoring points of various provinces and cities, 176 sexuality education related teachers in nine regions were surveyed. The development of the questionnaire was based on the content framework of comprehensive sexuality education proposed in the International Technical Guidelines for Sexuality Education. Results Students had a higher demand for knowledge on the concepts of "relationship"(53.4% for primary school students, 57.6% for junior high school students) and "health and well-being skills"(71.1% for primary school students, 55.9% for junior high school students). Parents had higher demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content with the exception of lower need for "sex and sexual behavior(74.7% of primary school parents, 80.8% of junior high school parents)" and "sexual and reproductive health(primary parents 74.3%, junior high school parents 75.8%)". Teachers had a high demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content, but primary school teachers had a lower need for "values, rights, culture and sex(65.9%)", "sex and sexuality(60.1%)" and "sexual and reproductive health(66.8%)". The results of correspondence analysis showed that junior middle school teachers had the highest demand for comprehensive education content, followed by primary school parents, junior middle school parents, primary school teachers, junior middle school students and primary school students. Conclusion Teachers and parents have a higher demand for most comprehensive sexuality education content, while lower demand for some relatively sensitive content. Students have a relatively low demand for comprehensive sexuality education content. It is recommended to further improve the content of school sexuality education based on the actual needs of China.