江苏省2017年中学生体重控制行为分析

Analysis of prevalence of body weight control behavior among middle school students, in Jiangsu, 2017

目的了解江苏省中学生体重控制行为状况,为中学生健康促进工作提供依据。方法利用江苏省2017年11月学生常见病与健康相关行为监测数据建立中学生体重控制行为数据库,对改善饮食、锻炼、节食和药物4种基本体重控制行为和组合进行统计分析。结果 18 855名被调查的中学生中,有75.8%报告过去30 d中有体重控制行为;男生报告率(77.3%)高于女生(74.3%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);从初一到高三呈下降趋势(Kendall’s tau-c=-0.10,P<0.01);营养不良、正常体重、超重、肥胖中学生体重控制行为报告率分别为57.2%,72.8%,83.8%,86.7%,依次增高(Kendall’s tau-c=0.13,P<0.01);改善饮食、锻炼、节食和药物4种基本体重控制行为报告率分别为58.7%,61.0%,17.9%和2.6%。4种体重控制行为组合的15种组合方式均存在,报告率从高到低前5位依次为改善饮食+锻炼方式(35.2%)、锻炼(13.0%)、改善饮食(9.2%)、锻炼+改善饮食+节食(8.6%)、改善饮食+节食(3.4%),其他方式占6.5%。在体重控制行为的中学生中,报告率前5位方式的构成比依次为46.4%,17.1%,12.2%,11.3%,4.5%,累计占91.5%。城市和乡镇中学生间体重控制行为方式差异无统计学意义(χ~2=9.13,P=0.10),不同性别、片区、学段、营养状况中学生体重控制行为方式差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为351.17,140.20,343.95,309.62,P值均<0.01)。结论 2017年江苏省中学生存在营养不良采取体重控制行为、超重肥胖者不实行体重控制行为、节食和药物控制体重行为现象。需在中学生中开展健康教育,建立合理的身体形态观,保持健康的体重。

Objective To explore the prevalence of body weight control behaviors(BWCB) among middle school students in Jiangsu province. Methods The database was established part from the surveillance of adolescent common disease and health related factors in Jiangsu province in 2017 and analysis were carried out to describe the prevalence rates of four basic BWCB and their comorbidity. Results Among 18 855 investigators, 75.8% middle school students reported having taken at least one kind of BWCB within 30 days before investigation, the report rates of BWCB of middle school students among male and female were 77.3% and 74.3%(P<0.01), showed decreasing tendency from grade 1 of junior middle school to grade 3 of senior middle school(Kendall’s tau-c=-0.10, P<0.01), those of malnutrition, normal body weight, overweight and obesity were 57.2%, 72.8%, 83.8%, 86.7% respectively and showed increasing tendency(Kendall’s tau-c=0.13, P<0.01). Reported rate of Changing diet structure, physical exercise, reducing diet and taking slimming drug prevalence were 58.7%, 61.0%, 17.9%, 2.6%, orderly. There are 15 combinations of BWCB based on those 4 kinds of behavior. In the highest five types list,changing diet structure & physical exercise(35.2%) was the most common type, and followed by physical exercise(13.0%), Changing diet structure(9.2%), Changing diet structure & physical exercise & reducing diet(8.6%), Changing diet structure & physical exercise & reducing diet(3.4%), others 6.5%. The proportions of top five kinds of BWCB among middle school students taken BWCB were 46.4%, 17.1%, 12.2%, 11.3%, 4.5%, respectively, accounting for 91.5%. The probabilities of different types of BWCB were similar between urban and town(χ~2=9.13, P=0.10), different among sex(χ~2=351.17, P<0.01), districts(χ~2=140.20, P<0.01), school type and nutrition status(χ~2=343.95, 309.62, P<0.01). Conclusion Some overweight or obesity students report on control body weight, while some report taking medicine and reducing diet behavior. Health education on healthy body weight should be implemented for middle school students to cultivate healthy body image so as to keep healthy body weight.