山东省大学生健康素养与就医行为的关系

Association between health literacy with health seeking behavior in undergraduate students in Shandong

目的了解山东省大学生健康素养与就医行为现状影响因素,为完善健康教育工作提供参考。方法分层随机抽取山东省3所高校1 460名在校大学生进行健康素养和就医行为的问卷调查。采用单因素方差分析、χ~2检验和Logistic回归分析等进行数据分析。结果大学生健康素养具备率(得分)为64.4%[(41.37±10.34)分],基本知识与理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能具备率(得分)依次为49.6%[(16.28±4.58)分]、70.3%[(17.24±4.99)分]、83.7%[(7.85±1.58)分];28.1%(410人)的大学生患病后延迟就医,71.9%(1 050人)即时就医;24.2%(354人)倾向选择基层医疗机构就医,45.5%(664人)选择二级医院,30.3%(442人)选择三级医院。年级、专业、健康信息收集能力、健康信息理解能力是影响健康素养的主要因素(P值均<0.05);专业、健康信息甄别能力是影响就医时机的主要因素(P值均<0.05);年级、专业、生源地、健康信息关注程度、健康信息收集能力是影响就医机构选择的主要因素(P值均<0.05)。大学生健康素养与就医时机、就医机构之间Spearman相关系数分别为0.16,0.16(P值均<0.01)。结论基本知识与理念、基本技能、健康素养与就医时机正相关,基本知识与理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能可以有效区别不同就医机构样本。应重视健康信息素养的培养,建立"家庭-社区-医院-高校"一体化健康教育与健康促进模式。

Objective To understand relationship between health literacy and health seeking behavior of undergraduate students in Shandong Province. Methods A total of 1 460 undergraduate students from three universities in Shandong Province were selected through stratified random sampling method and received a questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test and regression analysis. Results The proportion of students with basic health literacy was 64.4%(41.37±10.34). The proportion of students with basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior, and basic skills was 49.6%(16.28±4.58), 70.3%(17.24±4.99) and 83.7%(7.85±1.58), respectively. About 28.1% of undergraduate students reported delay in seeking medical treatment, 71.9% reported prompt in seeking medical treatment, and 24.2% preferred to seek medical treatment in primary medical institutions, 45.5% secondary hospital and 30.3% tertiary hospital. Grade, major, the ability to gather and understand health information was the main factors affecting health literacy. Major and health information screening ability was the main factors affecting health seeking behavior. Grade, major, origin, the awareness and gathering of health information was the main factors affecting the choose of medical institutions(P<0.05). Basic knowledge and concept, basic skills and health literacy was positively correlated with the timing of health seeking behavior, while basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior, and basic skills might give information on students’ preference on selecting a medical institution. Conclusion Attention should be paid to the cultivation of health information literacy. An integrated health education and health promotion model of "family-community-hospital-university" should be established.