高中生亲子依恋欺凌与羞耻倾向的关系

Mediation of shame in parent-child attachment and bullying among high school students

目的评价羞耻倾向在高中生亲子依恋和欺凌间的作用,为开展高中校园欺凌行为的防控工作提供依据。方法 2018年9-11月,采用青少年亲子与同伴依恋量表、中学生欺凌行为问卷和中学生羞耻感量表,对方便抽取的辽宁省沈阳市和河南省新乡市4所高中1 149名学生的欺凌实施行为进行调查。结果 31.07%高中生涉及欺凌,男生、高二学生、独生子女、农村学生总体实施欺凌报告率均较高(P值均<0.01)。母子依恋与羞耻倾向、传统欺凌、网络欺凌均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.14,-0.21,-0.20,P值均<0.01);父子依恋与羞耻倾向、传统欺凌、网络欺凌呈负相关(r值分别为-0.19,-0.21,-0.19,P值均<0.01);羞耻倾向分别与传统欺凌、网络欺凌呈正相关(r值分别为0.20,0.19,P值均<0.01)。羞耻倾向在母子依恋与传统欺凌、网络欺凌中均起中介作用,中介效应分别占总效应的11.78%和15.70%。羞耻倾向在父子依恋与传统欺凌、网络欺凌中均起中介作用,分别占总效应的15.17%,17.43%。结论母子依恋、父子依恋既可以对高中生欺凌实施行为产生直接作用,又可以通过羞耻倾向间接作用于高中生欺凌实施。

Objective To explore mediating effect of shame on parent-child attachment and bullying among high school students, and to provide the basis for school bullying prevention among high school students. Methods From September to November 2018, a total of 1 149 students’ bullying behavior from 4 high schools in Shenyang and Xinxiang, were investigated with the Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment, Middle School Students’ Bullying Scale and Middle School Students’ Shame Scale. Results About 31.07% of the subjects involved in school bullying. The report rates of bullying among boys, high school students of second grade, only child, students from rural area were higher(P<0.01). Mother-child attachment was negatively correlated with traditional and cyber bullying(r=-0.14,-0.21,-0.20, P<0.01). Father-child attachment was negatively correlated with traditional and cyber bullying(r=-0.19,-0.21,-0.19, P<0.01). Shame was positively correlated with traditional bullying and cyber bullying(r=0.20, 0.19, P<0.01). Shame mediates mother-child attachment, traditional and cyber bullying, accounting for 11.78% and 15.70% of the total effects. Shame mediates father-child attachment, traditional and cyber bullying, accounting for 15.17% and 17.43% of the total effect. Conclusion Mother-child and father-child attachment have direct effect on school bullying, and indirect effect on school bullying through shame.