重庆市2018年高中新生入学体检结核病结果

Tuberculosis screening in the high school entrance physical exam in Chongqing during 2018

目的对2018年重庆市高中新生入学体检结核病检测结果进行分析,为做好高中新生入学体检结核病工作提供依据。方法利用重庆市学校结核病信息管理系统收集2018年高中新生入学结核病体检资料,运用Excel 2007建立数据库,采用SPSS 25.0进行描述性分析和χ~2检验。结果 2018年重庆市共有146所普通教育高中118 370名新生、30所中等职业学校30 842名新生进行结核病新生入学体检,学校参检比例为40.09%,新生参检比例为44.28%,普通教育高中新生入学体检结核病的学校参检比例及新生参检比例(57.03%,58.81%)均高于中等职业教育学校(16.39%,22.73%),差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为73.38,42 744.64,P值均<0.01)。高中新生入学体检检出活动性肺结核患者84例,以涂阴患者为主,占92.86%,且不同教育性质、学校性质在高中新生入学体检结核病的患病情况构成比差异均无统计学意义。普通教育与职业教育的高中新生入学结核病检出率分别为49.00/10万,54.62/10万;公办学校与民办学校的高中新生入学结核病检出率分别为50.29/10万,124.88/10万(χ~2值分别为5.42,10.92,P值均<0.05);筛查方法为直接做胸片检查与筛查方法为先做结核菌素皮肤试验,强阳性者再进行胸部X线检查的检出率分别为62.90/10万,84.30/10万,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.29,P>0.05)。结论高中新生入学体检结核病项目对于结核病防控工作具有重要意义。应采取有效的筛查方法,加大对中等职业学校的筛查力度。

Objective To provide the evidence for tuberculosis pvevalence for high school freshmen by analyzing data of entrance physical exarnination of Chongqing in 2018. Methods The TB information management system of schools in Chongqing was used to collect the data of TB physical examination for high school freshmen in 2018. Excel 2007 was used to establish database, SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, including descriptive analysis, chi square test. Results In 2018, a total of 118 370 freshmen from 146 general education high schools and a total of 30 842 freshmen from 30 secondary vocational schools had TB screening during physical examination for freshmen. The proportion of school and freshmen participating in the TB examination was 40.09% and 44.28% respectively. The rates of school(57.03%) and freshmen(58.81%) participating in the examination of tuberculosis in senior high school students of general education were higher than those in secondary vocational education schools(16.39%, 22.73%), the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=73.38, 42 744.64, P<0.01). 84 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis(APTB) were detected in the physical examination of high school freshmen, mainly smear negative patients(92.86%),and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of tuberculosis among the freshmen with different education, school and screening methods(P>0.05). The detection rates of TB among freshmen in general education and vocational education were 49.00/100 000 and 54.62/100 000 respectively. The detection rates of tuberculosis among freshmen in public schools and private schools were 50.29/100 000 and 124.88/100 000 respectively(χ~2=5.42, 10.92, P<0.05). The detection rate of direct chest X-ray examination was 62.90/100 000. The first screening method was PPD test and the detection rate of chest X-ray examination was 84.30/100 000 for those with strong positive PPD test, the differences was no significant(χ~2=0.29, P>0.05). Conclusion The tuberculosis screening program for high school freshmen is of great significance to the prevention and control of tuberculosis. Effective screening methods should be adopted and strengthened in secondary vocational schools.