质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极耐久性的提升

Enhancing the Durability of Membrane Electrode Assembly of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

质子交换膜燃料电池由于具有能量转换效率高、操作温度低、环境友好等优点而备受人们关注。随着2014年丰田发布燃料电池电动汽车Mirai,带来了新一轮燃料电池及燃料电池汽车的产业化热潮。然而,提升质子交换膜燃料电池的寿命,开发新一代长寿命燃料电池膜电极及燃料电池仍然是本领域的挑战性课题。膜电极(MEA)是质子交换膜燃料电池最核心的部件,其耐久性直接决定着燃料电池的寿命。MEA主要由质子交换膜、催化剂层、气体扩散层三部分组成。本文从质子交换膜、催化剂及载体、气体扩散层三个方面介绍了近年来国内外在提升燃料电池膜电极的寿命(耐久性)方面所做的工作,并对未来的相关研究和发展做了述评及展望。

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)has attracted huge attention recently due to its high energy conversion efficiency,low operating temperature and environmental benign.With the launch of the Mirai fuel cell electric vehicle by Toyota in 2014,a new wave of industrialization of fuel cells and fuel cell vehicles has been brought about.However,enhancing the durability of PEMFC and developing a new generation of membrane electrode assembly(MEA)and fuel cells are still challenging topics in the field.The MEA is the core component of PEMFC,and its durability directly determines the life of the fuel cell.The MEA is mainly composed of a proton exchange membrane,anode and cathode catalyst layers and gas diffusion layers on both sides.In last decade,great efforts have been paid to improving the durability of MEAs/PEMFCs from three aspects,membrane,catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer.In this paper,we introduce these research works systematically,and a review and prospect for the research and development of this topic in the future is also made.