热致变色材料智能涂层

Thermochromic Smart Coatings

能源与环境现状迫切要求开发出具有节能特性的新一代智能建筑窗户,以有效降低建筑能源消耗。热致变色材料能够根据外界温度变化改变自身光学性质,智能地调节进入室内的太阳辐射能量,且不消耗其他能源,在建筑节能方面具有极大的应用潜力。常见的热致变色材料包括水凝胶、离子液体、钙钛矿、超材料、液晶和VO2等。其中VO2在相变前后透过率在近红外区域明显降低而在可见光范围内保持不变,是热致变色智能窗材料的理想选择之一。本综述概述了热致变色涂层相关材料的工作原理、构筑方法及最新研究进展。首先介绍了常见热致变色材料的结构特性和相变机制。之后以VO2为例,阐明了智能窗涂层表面工程设计和优化方法,讨论了不同构筑手段对光学性能的影响。最后,梳理了目前热致变色智能涂层所存在的不足及面临的困难,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

The current situation of energy and environment makes it urgent to develop a new generation of intelligent building windows with energy-saving features to effectively reduce building energy consumption.Thermochromic materials can change their optical characteristics according to changes in external temperature,and intelligently adjust the solar radiation energy entering the room without consuming other energy sources,which makes it a great potential application in building energy conservation.In recent years,an increasing number of research works in regard to thermochromic materials have been carried out,including hydrogels,ionic liquids,perovskites,metamaterials,liquid crystals and VO2.Among them,VO2 is one of the ideal candidates because its transmittance decreases obviously in the near infrared region before and after the phase transition and remains unchanged in the visible light range.This review outlines the principles,construction methods,and recent progress in thermochromic smart window coating related materials.Firstly,the structural characteristics,phase transition mechanism and research progress of various thermochromic materials are introduced in detail.Then,taking VO2 as a vital example,the surface engineering design and optimization of smart window coating is clarified and the influence of different construction methods on optical performance is discussed deeply.Finally,the challenges and future development direction of thermochromic smart coatings is presented.