纹盖黑孢孔菌—一种新食用菌的驯化及营养成分分析研究

Domestication and Nutrients Analyses of a New Mushroom—Amylosporus sulcatus

对新种纹盖黑孢孔菌进行了驯化栽培研究,结果表明较理想的培养条件为:碳源为葡萄糖或蔗糖,氮源为酵母粉、牛肉膏或蛋白胨,pH为5.0~6.5,温度为28℃~30℃。产量符合生产要求的配方3为木糠69%,麸皮30%,石膏1%。急性毒性试验表明子实体水提物无毒,半数致死量(LD50)大于5000 mg/kg,最大给药剂量为30 g/kg。子实体的主要营养成分(g/100 g)为:粗蛋白37.30,粗脂肪2.10,粗纤维20.3,粗多糖4.58,可溶性糖6.78,灰分5.12;必需氨基酸总量11.46,总氨基酸的含量27.38,鲜味氨基酸总量9.87。子实体的营养成分和氨基酸组成,采用国际上通用的蛋白质评价方法对其蛋白质营养价值进行评价,并与数据来源于文献的砖红绒盖牛肝菌、东方栓孔菌、黄绿蜜环菌和香菇进行了比较。每种必需氨基酸化学评分(CS)均超过0.5,必需氨基酸组成比较平衡,含量丰富。必需氨基酸指数EAAI达0.95,为优质蛋白源。

The new species Amylosporus sulcatus was studied for domestication and cultivation. The results showed that the ideal culture conditions were as follows: carbon source was glucose or sucrose, nitrogen source was yeast powder, beef extract or peptone, pH was 5.0~6.5, and temperature was 28℃~30℃. The formula 3 with the production yield that meets the production requirements is 69% for sawdust, 30% for bran, and 1% for gypsum. The acute toxicity test showed that the fruiting body water extract was non-toxic, the LD50 was greater than 5 000 mg/kg, and the maximum dose was 30 g/kg. The main nutrient components(g/100 g) of the fruiting body were: crude protein 37.30,crude fat 2.10, crude fiber 20.3, crude polysaccharide 4.58, soluble sugar 6.78, ash 5.12;total essential amino acids11.46, total amino acids 27.38, total flavor amino acids 9.87. Nutritional components and amino acid composition of fruiting bodies, the international general nutritional value assessment method was applied for nutritional assessment of proteins, and compared with Xerocomus spadiceus, Trametes orientalis, Armillaria luteovirens, and Lentinus edodes which data were derived from literature. Each essential amino acid chemical score(CS) was more than 0.5,and the essential amino acids composition was relatively balanced and rich in content. The essential amino acid index EAAI was 0.95, which was a high-quality protein source.