细胞自噬与病毒感染关系的研究进展

Research Progress on the Relationship between Cell Autophagy and Viral Infection

细胞自噬是一种存在于真核细胞内的溶酶体依赖性降解途径,是细胞的一种先天免疫机制。该机制可帮助细胞对破损细胞器进行降解,并将降解后的生物大分子等营养物质重新提供给细胞进行物质的重新利用。病毒侵入宿主细胞后细胞启动自噬系统进行自我吞噬并以此来保护机体将病毒对机体的损害降到最低。但研究发现部分病毒在侵染宿主细胞后也可利用细胞的自噬机制来加速自身在胞内的复制。由此可见病毒与细胞自噬间的相互作用是一个复杂且多向化的过程。为对自噬与病毒感染之间的关系进行更进一步的探究,本综述从自噬的发生机制、自噬的检测方法、自噬与病毒感染的关系、病毒感染与抗肿瘤作用等方面进行了阐述。

Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells and is an innate immune mechanism of cells. This mechanism can help cells to degrade damaged organelles, After degradation,macromolecules are obtained, and these macromolecules are re-supplied to the cells as nutrients. When the virus invades the target cell, cells initiate autophagy to protect the body and reduce the degree of damage to the body by the virus. However, studies have found that some viruses can also use autophagy mechanism to enhance its replication capabilities. This shows that the interaction between virus and cells is a complex and multi-directional process. In order to facilitate a deeper study of the relationship between autophagy and viruses, this article focuses on the mechanism of autophagy, the detection methods of autophagy, the relationship between autophagy and viral infection, viral infection and anti-tumor effect.