试析19世纪克里米亚战争后俄国的通货膨胀

On the Inflation of Russia after the Crimean War

克里米亚战争是19世纪中叶欧洲国际关系史上的重大事件,它不仅改变了欧洲国际关系格局,结束了俄国在欧洲的霸主地位,也给俄国经济带来巨大冲击。战争结束后,俄国国内通货膨胀严重,靠近战场的地区,物价涨幅较大,商品价格指数上涨迅速,货币发行量急剧增加。通货膨胀对俄国农民的伤害比较大,且下级官员的工资涨幅不大,因而地位不比从前,而从事粮食销售的商人则在贸易恢复中不断受益。同时,虽战后通货膨胀引起民众不满,但也使俄国统治阶层意识到农奴制改革的必要性。

The Crimean War was a major event in the history of European international relations in the middle of the 19 th century. It not only changed the pattern of European international relations and ended Russia’s supremacy in Europe, but also brought a huge impact on the Russian economy. After the war, Russia’s domestic inflation was severe. In the areas close to the battlefield, the commodity price and its index had risen rapidly and the currency issuance had increased sharply. Inflation had hurt peasants relatively much, and lower-level officials had not seen a big increase in wages whose status was not as high as before. However, businessmen engaged in food sales continued to benefit from trade recovery. At the same time, post-war inflation caused public dissatisfaction, which made the ruling class aware of the necessity of serfdom reform.