高职大学新生自杀风险与家庭相关影响因素分析

Analysis of the impact of suicide risk and family-related factors in freshmen of higher vocational colleges

目的了解大学新生的自杀风险,探讨家庭相关因素对大学生自杀风险的影响,为早期干预提供依据。方法对杭州某高职大学2017级4 280名大一新生进行自杀风险调查,并将自杀风险作为分组依据进行对照研究,分析相关影响因素。结果该高校有自杀倾向的大一新生约占5.5%,有无自杀风险的学生比较,两组性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。单亲家庭、家庭经济相对困难、童年不幸经历以及有精神疾病阳性家族史的大学生自杀风险发生率明显高于对照组,该类学生易出现情绪不稳定,尤其是童年有不幸经历或有精神疾病阳性家族史的学生抑郁发生率明显增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,家庭经济相对困难、童年不幸经历、有精神疾病阳性家族史均是大学生自杀的危险因素(OR值分别为1.544,4.793,2.438,P值均<0.05)。结论单亲、家庭经济困难、童年不幸经历和精神疾病阳性家族史与大学新生自杀倾向的产生有相关性,该类学生是自杀的高危人群,学校应予以关注并及时进行干预。

Objective To understand the risk of suicide among freshmen,examine effects of family-related factors on the suicidal ideation of college freshmen,provide evidence for early intervention.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the suicide risk of 4 280 freshmen of 2017 in higher vocational colleges in Hangzhou.The suicide risk was used as a group basis to conduct a controlled study to analyze the possible influencing factors.Results There were about 5.5% of freshmen who had suicidal tendencies in the college. There was no statistically significant difference in gender between the two groups(P>0.05).The incidence of suicide risk among college students who with the single-parent family,difficulty family economy,unfortunately childhood,or a positive family history of mental illness was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The students who had unfortunately childhood,or a positive family history of mental illness had a higher incidence of depression.Logistic regression analysis showed that the difficulty family economy,unfortunately childhood,or a positive family history of mental illness were risk factors for college students to commit suicide(OR=1.544,4.793,2.438,P<0.05).Conclusion The single-parent family,difficulty family economy,unfortunately childhood, or the positive family history of mental illness are associated with the emergence of college students’ suicidal tendencies.This type of student is a high-risk group of suicides,and should be paid more attention and intervened.