哈尔滨市南岗区2007—2017年手足口病流行病学特征分析

Analysis of hand-foot and mouth disease epidemiological characteristics in Nangang district of Harbin

目的分析哈尔滨市南岗区手足口病的流行特征,为制定防治策略提供有效依据。方法以中国疾病预防控制信息系统上报的哈尔滨市南岗区手足口病病例信息为依据,运用描述流行病学方法对手足口病进行流行病学特征分析。采用χ2检验比较发病率和构成比的差异。结果 2007-2017年哈尔滨市南岗区共报告手足口病8 183例,发病率为55.52/10万,各年发病率整体呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4 493.676,P<0.05)。无死亡病例。发病集中在6-8月,7月最高。主要分布在王岗镇、保健办事处和哈西办事处。男女发病比例为1.57∶1,除2017年外,其余各年男女发病率男性高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(χ2=399.912,P<0.05)。发病年龄构成以0~5岁最多,其次是5~10岁。职业以散居儿童居多。2013-2017年共处理手足口病聚集性疫情61起,幼儿园疫情占72.13%(44起)。结论哈尔滨市南岗区手足口病发病整体呈下降趋势,发病季节主要在6-8月,人群以0~5岁儿童为主,散居儿童为重点人群,托幼机构为重点场所,聚集性疫情以托幼机构为主。须加强防控,减少疫情发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand-foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Nangang district of Harbin,provide scientific and effective basis for disease prevention and control.Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD,Chi-square test was used to compare the differences in incidence and composition.Results There were 8 183 cases of HFMD of national epidemic reported from 2007 to 2017,the average annual incidence rate was 55.52/100 000.The overall trend was downward(χ2 = 4 493.676,P<0.05).There was no death case.The incidence of the disease was mainly concentrated in June to August and the highest in July.The mainly distribution was in Wanggang town,Baojian and Haxi.The ratio of male to female was 1.57∶1.The incidence in male was higher than that in female,the differences were statistically significant except in 2017(χ2= 399.912,P<0.05).The most age of onset was at 0-5 years old,followed by 5-10 years old.The majority of the workers were children living in the diaspora.From 2013 to 2017,a total of 61 cases of HFMD cluster outbreaks were handled,accounting for 72.13%(44 cases) in kindergartens.Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Nangang district of Harbin is on the decline as a whole.The incidence season is from June to August,with children aged 0-5 years as the main group.The clustered outbreaks are mainly in kindergartens.We should still strengthen prevention and control to reduce the occurrence of epidemic diseases.