滨州市2015—2017年5岁以下儿童流感疫苗接种现状调查

Investigation on the status of influenza vaccination among children under 5 years old in Binzhou

目的对滨州市5岁以下儿童流感疫苗接种率进行调查,探讨婴幼儿流感疫苗接种率的影响因素,为流感流行趋势提供研究数据。方法 2015-2017年,采用自行设计的调查问卷对滨州市10个接种门诊480名5岁以下儿童家长进行问卷调查,并进行回顾性分析,采用线性回归模型分析5岁以下儿童流感疫苗接种的变化趋势。结果滨州市10个接种门诊5岁以下儿童流感疫苗接种率由2015年的42.3%下降至2018年的20.2%,其中3~5岁以下儿童流感疫苗接种率由2015年的26.9%下降至2018年的13.1%,3岁以下婴儿流感疫苗接种率由2015年的15.4%下降至2018年的7.1%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同文化程度、家庭人均月收入、职业、户籍所在地及是否接种过流感疫苗和支付医疗费用方式是影响儿童流感疫苗接种的主要因素;文化程度、家庭人均月收入、家长对流感疫苗知识知晓率是流感疫苗接种率的影响因素。结论文化程度、家庭人均月收入、是否接种过流感疫苗是婴幼儿流感疫苗接种率的重要影响因素,应多层次开展有关流感及疫苗接种知识的宣教。

Objective To investigate the influenza vaccination rate of children under 5 years old in Binzhou,explore the influencing factors of influenza vaccination rate of infants and young children,so as to provide research data for the influenza epidemic trend.Methods A total of 480 parents of children under 5 years old in 10 outpatient vaccination clinics from 2015 to 2017 in Binzhou were investigated by self-made questionnaire and analyzed retrospectively.The trend of influenza vaccination among children under 5 years old was analyzed by linear regression model.Results Influenza vaccination rate of children under 5 years old in 10 vaccination clinics in Binzhou decreased from 42.3% in 2015 to 20.2% in 2018,among which the vaccination rate of children under 3~5 years old decreased from 26.9% in 2015 to 13.1% in 2018,and the vaccination rate of infants under 3 years old descreased from 15.4% in 2015 to 7.1% in 2018,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Different education level,family income per capita,occupation,household registration location,whether vaccinated with influenza vaccine or not,and the way of paying medical expenses were the main factors affecting children’s influenza vaccination.Education level,family income per capita per month and parents’ awareness of influenza vaccine knowledge were the important factors affecting influenza vaccination rate.Conclusion Education level,per capita monthly income of the family and whether or not the influenza vaccine has been inoculated are the important factors affecting the influenza vaccination rate of infants and young children.Education on influenza and its vaccination knowledge should be carried out at different levels.