布鲁氏菌病重点职业人群患病及流行情况研究

Study on the prevalence and epidemic of brucellosis in key occupational groups

目的通过监测分析2016-2017年包头市重点职业人群布鲁氏菌病的新发病例情况及重点职业人群对布病的防治知识知晓情况。方法通过方便抽样法对9个旗区重点职业人群进行血样检测和问卷调查。结果 2016年新发确诊病例330人,阳性检出率为2.07%。其中九原区阳性检出率最高,为11.06%,男性占76.49%;2017年新发确诊病例273人,布病检出率为2.75%。其中达茂旗阳性检出率最高,为3.69%,男性占75.30%;2017年的重点职业人群的布病新发病例高于2016年的布病新发病例,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.043,P<0.01);患病人群年龄以40~60岁为主;患病的职业特点主要集中在农民、牧民、养殖、乳业、屠宰等与接触病畜频繁的职业人群;2016年4-7月报告病例数较其他月份病例数多,2017年6月份报告病例数最多;2017年重点职业人群知晓率(χ2=14.526)和医务人员布病知晓率(χ2=25.102)高于2016年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论预防布病的发生关键在于加强重点职业人群的监测工作,改变不良的接触方式。

Objective To understand the new cases brucellosis and the awareness of brucellosis prevention and control knowledge in human and key occupation from 2016 to 2017 in Baotou.Methods The blood sample test and questionnaire survey were carried out on the key occupational population in 9 flag areas by convenient sampling method.Results There were 330 newly diagnosed cases in 2016,with a positive detection rate of 2.07%.The highest positive rate was 11.06% in Jiuyuan district,76.49% in males,and 273 newly diagnosed cases in 2017,with a brucellosis detection rate of 2.75%.The highest positive rate was 3.69% in Damao Banner and 75.30% in males.The new cases of brucellosis in the key occupational groups in 2017 were higher than those in 2016(χ2=12.043,P<0.01).The age of the affected group was mainly 40~60 years old.The occupational characteristics of the disease were mainly concentrated in farmers,herdsmen,farming,dairy industry,slaughtering and other occupational groups with frequent contact with sick animals in 2016.The number of reported cases in April-July was higher than that in other months,with the largest number reported in June 2017.The awareness rate of brucellosis among key occupational groups and volunteers in 2017 was higher than that in 2016(χ2=14.526, P<0.01, χ2=25.102,P<0.01).Conclusion The detection work to strengthen key occupation crowd brucellosis,change bad contact mode is the key means to control brucellosis.