公共场所室内甲醛污染差异及影响因素研究

Study on the difference and influencing factors of indoor formaldehyde pollution in public places

目的了解梅县区公共场所室内空气甲醛污染差异及影响因素,为公共场所室内甲醛污染防治提供科学依据。方法 2014-2015年对梅县区5类公共场所进行室内空气甲醛浓度检测,根据GB9663~9676-1996《公共场所卫生标准》对甲醛检测结果进行评价。结果梅县区5类公共场所163个检测点,75个检测点浓度超标,超标率为46.02%。室内甲醛浓度平均值从高到低依次是KTV、商场、美容店、酒店、办公楼,各类场所室内甲醛浓度超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.80,P<0.01)。通风条件、装修程度不同、装修时间不同室内甲醛浓度超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=56.54、49.85、48.76,P值均<0.01),装修时间越长室内甲醛浓度超标率越低。不同季节室内甲醛浓度超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.9,P<0.01),夏秋季较高,冬春季较低。结论梅县区5类公共场所室内存在甲醛污染问题,且污染程度差异较大,可能存在健康风险,应对甲醛污染进行控制。

Objective To understand the difference and influencing factors of indoor formaldehyde pollution in public places in Meixian district,provide scientific basis for prevention and control of indoor formaldehyde pollution in public places.Methods The indoor formaldehyde concentration in five types of public places in Meixian district was measured from 2014 to 2015.The results of formaldehyde detection were evaluated according to the Public Places Health Standard(GB9663-9676-1996).Results There were 163 detection points in 5 types of public places in Meixian district,75 of which exceeded the standard concentration,the exceeding rate was 46.02%.The average indoor formaldehyde concentration from high to low were KTV,shopping mall,beauty shop,Hotel and office building,and the difference of the exceeding standard rate of indoor formaldehyde concentration in different places was statistically significant(χ2=14.80,P<0.01);ventilation conditions,decoration degree and decoration were different.There were significant differences in the over-standard rate of indoor formaldehyde concentration in different repair time(χ2= 56.54,49.85,48.76,P<0.01).The longer the decoration time,the over-standard rate of indoor formaldehyde concentration was lower.There were significant differences in the over-standard rate of indoor formaldehyde concentration in different seasons(χ2=14.9,P<0.01),it was higher in summer and autumn,and lower in winter and spring.Conclusion At present,there are formaldehyde pollution problems in five types of public places in Meixian district,and the degree of pollution varies greatly.There may be health risks,so formaldehyde pollution should be controlled.