功能性分权体系的制约与协调机制——基于“结构—过程”的分析

Restriction and Coordination Mechanisms of Functional Separation System with Chinese Characteristics——Based on “Structure-Process” Analysis

在现代公权力体制中,权力的绝对集中已不复存在,取而代之的是多种多样的分权模式。虽然西方三权分立式的政治性分权不适合中国,但是中国有着自身特色的决策权、执行权、监督权分离的功能性分权体系,这一体系力图通过构建多重的制约与协调机制实现既保障权力运行效率又防止权力滥用专断的双重目标。中国特色功能性分权体系建基于广义政府,基本要义是政治集权与组织分权、核心特征是功能性与嵌套性。实践中,中国特色功能性分权已初步形成了权力结构与权力过程双重维度上的制约与协调机制,在总体上呈现出"强协调-弱制约"、"强监督-弱制约"的特征。基于此,实务工作者与理论研究者应从权力结构和权力过程来审视、提升功能性分权的合理性、科学性和有效性,建立健全适合中国国情的权力制约与协调体系,推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。

In modern power systems, the absolute concentration of power no longer exists. Although the western political separation of powers is not suitable for China, but China has been developed functional separation of powers system initially, which is about decision-making power, executive power and supervision power. The system tries to build multiple restriction and coordination mechanisms to guarantee power efficiency and prevent abuse. The key object of functional separation system with Chinese characteristics is broad government, the basic meaning is political centralization and organizational separation, and the core feature is functionality and nesting. In practice, functional separation with Chinese characteristics has basically formed the restriction and coordination mechanisms in the dual dimensions of power structure and power process, but it still presents the characteristics of "strong coordination-weak check" and "strong restrictionweak check" on the whole. Based on this, practical workers and theoretical researchers should examine and improve the rationality, scientificity and effectiveness of functional separation from the perspective of power structure and power process.