阳明学时代何以“异端”纷呈？——以杨慈湖在明代的重新出场为例

Why “Heretics” Appeared in the Era of Wang Yangming?——Taking Yang Cihu’s Reappearance in the Ming Dynasty as An Example

朱子"却是杨敬仲文字可毁"的一句棒喝不啻是对杨慈湖宣判了"死刑"。故在宋末明初的很长一段时期内,慈湖著作及其思想几乎处于淹没不闻的状态。然而随着阳明学在1520年代的涌现,一向被视作异端人物的慈湖之书忽然现世,自此以往,朱子学与阳明学的两大思想阵营就慈湖思想展开了激烈的论辩。这是一场没有结论的论辩,因为这场论辩更多地具有象征意义,象征着在阳明学的时代,各种观点即便是"异端"思想也有可能在学术舞台上纷纷出场。反过来说,正是由于阳明学的出现,独尊天下的朱子学遭遇了前所未有的"危机",从而为各种思想的多元展现提供了可能。

Zhu Xi’s "Yang Jingzhong’s text that can be destroyed" made Yangjian(Yang Cihu)’s works and his thoughts almost in a state of obscurity for a long period of time from the end of Song to the beginning of Ming. However, with the emergence of Wang Yangming School in the 1520 s, the books of Cihu, which has always been regarded as a heretic, suddenly appeared. Since then, two opponent schools of Zhu Xi and Wang Yangming launched a heated debating over Cihu’s thought. This is an inconclusive argument, because this argument is more symbolic and symbolizes that in the era of Yangming.Various viewpoints, even "heretical" ideas, may appear on the academic stage. On the other hand, it is precisely because of the emergence of Yangming School, that Zhu Xi School, which dominated the academic circle at that time, encountered an unprecedented "crisis", thus providing the possibility for the diverse display of various ideas.