威廉·哈里斯对美国公立学校教师专业化道路的早期探索

William Torrey Harris’s Early Exploration of the Teacher Professionalization in American Public Schools

威廉·哈里斯是美国19世纪中后期的黑格尔派哲学家与教育家,通过其众多的教育著述与教育实践活动,为美国公立学校的教师构建了专业的知识体系,从参与师范学校的创建与管理、培养具有专业能力的师范生、选用专业教学方法、指导教师行为规范及资源使用、设计多种教师职后提升途径等方面探索了美国公立学校教师的早期专业化发展道路。哈里斯毕生致力于建设美国公立学校系统,积极主张与践行教师的专业化培养,促使学生"自我活动"的养成,为美国教师专业化的早期发展做出了独特的贡献。

William Torrey Harris is an American Hegelian philosopher and educator in the middle and late 19th century.He has built a professional knowledge system for teachers in American public schools through his numerous educational writings and activities.The early professional development of American public school teachers was explored in the aspects of the establishment and management of normal schools,the training of normal school students with professional ability,the selection of professional teaching methods,the guidance of teachers ’ behavioral norms and resource use,and the design of various teachers’ post-service promotion ways.Harris has devoted his life to the construction of the American public school system,advocated and participated the professional training of teachers actively,and promoted "self-activity" of students,which all made a unique contribution to the early development of teacher professionalization of the United States.