创建“新教育”的战略与策略——共和国初期高等教育变革的历史进路

The Strategies and Statics to Establish the “New Education” System:Approach of Higher Education Transformation in the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China

共和国初期的文教事业经历了深刻的历史转型。新生的人民政权对原有高等教育体系进行了接收和系统改造,并在此基础上逐步力求提高。这一历史巨变的过程是在党的最高领导层直接关心和指导下开展,在政务院文教委及教育部(高教部)直接推动下进行的。改革涵盖了方向、结构和质量三个层面;在具体操作中,包括了思想、路线、组织人事、系科和制度等方面。通过这一系列纵深改革,教育体系逐步反映出了"民族的、科学的、大众的"特质,增强了"人民教育"内涵。由此,也建立了与新时代相适应的新民主主义高教体系,并为其向社会主义教育体系的转型创造了条件。

There was a systematic and historic transformation of culture and education in the early years of the People’s Republic of China(PRC). The new regime took over the previous higher education system and reconstructed it into a new paradigm, and then devoted to the continuous improvement of quality. This great historical change was carried out under the direct care and guidance of the supreme leader, and was directly advanced by the Culture and Education Commission and the Ministry of Education. The higher education reform included three dimensions: orientation, structure and quality and was implemented with the reforms in the route, thought, organization, personnel, departments, and system, etc. Through the series of in-depth reforms, the education system of China had gradually endowed with the characteristics of "national, scientific and popular" and the connotation of "people’s education" had been enhanced. A new democratic higher education system adapted to the new era was established, and the conditions for its transformation to the socialist education system were created.