高考语文语言文字运用题情境化设计及其特征——以2013—2019年全国卷Ⅰ为例

Contextualized Design and Its Characteristics of Chinese Language Application in National Matriculation Entrance Test——Taking National Volume Ⅰ from 2013 to 2019 for Example

采用情境设置的任务驱动型试题,将学生置于真实环境来考查学生的综合能力,成为新高考重要的命题趋势。为探析情境化设计在高考语文的命题规律,以2013—2019年全国卷玉为研究对象,通过文本分析发现,语言文字运用题赋分稳定、考查内容逐渐更新、高层级能力考查占比增加、试题考查偏重语言文字工具性功能。这类题在情境化设计中也呈现出独有的特点:情境人物设定从“无我”趋向“有我”;情境材料从“彼此独立”趋向“联系共用”;语料贴近时代生活;主观题材料图文交叉使用。为进一步提高语文试题的情境化设计水平,试题情境设计要注重学生的独特美感体验,丰富情境化材料以考查学生多重语文能力;增强情境的综合性,加强材料的图文结合。

It has become an important proposition trend of National Matriculation Entrance Test(NMET)to test the comprehensive ability of the students by setting the task driven questions in the real environment.In order to explore the proposition rule of contextualized design in the use of language in NMET,this paper takes the Chinese Volume I from 2013 to 2019 as the research object.Through the text analysis,it is found that the score of the language appplication is stable,the content of the examination is gradually updated,the proportion of the highlevel ability examination is increasing,and the examination focuses on the instrumental function of language and words.This kind of questions also presents unique characteristics in the contextualized design:the contextualized materials tend to“be connected and shared”from“independent of each other”;the corpus is close to the life of the times;and the subjective question materials are used in combination with pictures and texts.In order to further improve the contextualized design level of Chinese language application in NMET,the contextualized design should pay attention to students’unique aesthetic experience,enrich contextualized materials to test students’multiple language abilities,enhance the comprehensiveness of situations,and strengthen the combination of pictures and texts of materials.