国有经济演进，所有制歧视与城市规模分布

State-owned Economy Evolution,Ownership Discrimination and Distribution of City Size

中国地区间城市规模分布的差异为何如此巨大?文章尝试从国有经济演进的地区差异入手,以资源配置过程的所有制歧视效应为分析进路,建立影响中国省际城市规模分布的所有制基础。文章认为,国有经济比重高的地区,在资源配置过程中普遍存在的信贷歧视、准入歧视和地租歧视,扭曲了要素的边际生产力,引发了大城市“离心力”效应的弱化甚至消失,导致了要素不断从周边地区涌入国有经济集聚的大城市,从而推高了首位城市的集中度,形成了“一股独大”的城市规模分布形态。利用1994-2012年中国省际面板数据,文章发现,国有产值比重会显著地增加首位城市的集中度,这说明中国中西部地区城市规模分布不合理的在一定程度上源于所有制改革的滞后。因此,想要优化中西部地区的城市规模分布,一个可行路径就是加快所有制结构的转变。

Why is the disparity in the size distribution of China's cities so great?This paper attempts to start from the regional differences in the evolution of state-owned economy,using the ownership discrimination effect in the process of resource allocation as an analytical approach,and to establish the ownership basis of inter-provincial city size distribution in China.This paper argues that credit discrimination,admittance discrimination and rent discrimination,which are prevalent in the process of resource allocation,distort the marginal productivity of the factors and cause the weakening or even disappearance of the"centrifugal force"effect of the big cities.The influx of elements from the surrounding areas of the state-owned economic gathering of large cities,which pushed up the concentration of the first city,form a"dominant"city size distribution.Using the provincial panel data from 1994 to 2012,we find that the proportion of state-owned output will significantly increase the concentration of the first city,which indicates that the unreasonable distribution of urban scale in China's central and western regions is due to the lag of ownership reform to a certain extent.Therefore,to optimize the distribution of urban scale in the central and western regions,a feasible path is to accelerate the transformation of ownership structure.