新工艺与人工智能设计的创造心理与社会美学内涵探究

Understanding New Craftsmanship and AI Design from the Perspective of Creativity Psychology and Social Aesthetics

剖析二战结束以来西方兴起的手工艺向纯艺术转化的趋势,揭示手工艺人“由技入道”的定位转换所隐含的理论及现实问题,反思现代主义艺术理念对手工艺的宰制与挪用现象。考察人工智能设计为促进设计与制作再融合所提供的契机,进而提出了新工艺的概念构想。根据具身认知及情境认知理论,分析手工艺创作具有的设计内含于制作,感知与运动协调往复等特征,梳理手工艺的社会美学所彰显的交互、情境、合作等价值,进而论证人工智能设计与手工艺的结合,对于破解身心关系这一创造心理的核心命题,以及由技术具身化对强人工智能可能的路径等方面的理论和应用价值的探索。人工智能在新工艺领域的应用将重启设计与制作的交融,而集研究、设计、制作等职能于一身的新工匠将通过各种实验性探索对“材美工巧”、“心手同体”等传统理念做出创造性的诠释。

The paper aims to analyze the trend of craftsmanship􀆳s transformation into pure art in post WWII era in the western society,reveal theoretical and practical issues of contemporary craftsmen􀆳s shifting identification“from techniques to ideas”,reflect the modernism􀆳s domination and appropriation of craftsmanship,and raise the concept of new craftsmanship based on investigation of the reintegration of designing and making which was believed to be enabled by AI design.With theories of embodied cognition and situated cognition,the characteristics of craft-making,including design in production,coordination and reciprocation of perception and movement were analyzed,and the value of interaction,situation and cooperation manifested by the social aesthetics of craftsmanship were sorted out.The theoretical significance of AI design and craft integration in resolving the mind/body question of creativity psychology,and practical implications of embodied technologies for strong AI were explored.The application of AI in new craftsmanship would initiate the integration of design and making,while the new craftsman as a researcher-designer-maker would provide innovative interpretations of traditional craft values such as principles of“beautiful material and proficient skills”and“mind-hand correspondence”.