摭谈韩非子“反游侠”思想

An analysis of Han Feizi’s Thought on "Anti-rangers"

韩非子提倡君主用赏罚措施来鼓励耕战,主张"君尊臣卑"的君臣关系,肯定人的"自利性",其目的是为了加强君主权力。然而从战国游侠自身的特征来看,他们是不事耕战的"法外之民",是威胁君权的私门力量,具有"非自利性"的人格精神,这严重阻碍了君权的运作,因而韩非子表现出强烈的"反游侠"思想。这一思想从"官"的角度看,有利于社会秩序的恢复与重建;从"民"的角度看,"游侠"是乱世中的公平与正义,故难以实行。

Han Feizi advocated that the monarch should use reward and punishment measures to encourage farming and war and "the monarch should be respected;the power of subjects should be suppressed". He aimed to strengthen the monarch’s power by affirming people’s "self-interest". However, in terms of their own characteristics, the rangers in the Warring States period were "people outside the law" who do not work for war or farming. They are private forces that threaten the monarchy with the personality spirit of "non self-interest", which seriously hinders the operation of the monarchy. As a result, Han Feizi showed a strong "anti-rangers" thought. From the perspective of "officials", this idea is conducive to the restoration and reconstruction of social order. From the perspective of "people", the "rangers" are the force of fairness and justice in troubled times, so it is difficult to implement.