贸易管制/贸易报复与跨国界的公司治理——中兴通讯案如何扭曲了公司治理的演绎路径?

Trade control/ trade retaliation and cross-border corporate Governance——How does ZTE case distort the deductive path of corporate governance?

中兴通讯案中的美国立场对跨国界公司治理造成了恶劣影响。该案演绎出来的惩罚模式--透过贸易制裁压迫一国公司改变其公司治理,完全混淆了贸易法与组织法的发展逻辑。长期以来,贸易法的管制措施一直在商事组织的"体外设计",主要是针对产品及交易本身实施,贸易管制一般并不针对商事组织的内部治理,个别资格管制措施虽涉及对交易主体的惩罚,但也只是采取赋予或剥夺主体特许经营资格的方式进行,并不试图去改造公司治理结构。如此构造旨在维持组织法和交易法的差别,避免使交易法臂膀过长,影响到组织法的内部构造,这是对国家主权/企业主权和投资自由的尊重,也是国家法区分贸易行为和投资行为设计制度结构的当然结果。中兴通讯案让贸易管制措施变相/直接介入了公司治理,将会成为破坏公司治理自我演绎路径的"极坏的样本",支持政治强权对公司治理的不当干预,不仅有违比例原则,对公司治理、企业自治乃至自由经济、全球一体化都是极坏的选择。

The U.S.position in ZTE case has had a detrimental impact on cross-border corporate governance.The punishment model deduced from this case,which aims to impose corporate governance changes on companies through trade sanctions on their home countries,completely confuses the development logic of trade law and organization law.Traditionally,the control measures of trade law aim to adjust"external design"of commercial organizations,with a view to regulate their external economic transactions themselves rather than the internal governance of commercial organizations.This design aims to maintain the conceptual difference between organizational law and trade law and prevent an overreaching of trade law from affecting the structure of organizational law.It shows the mutual respect for the state/enterprise sovereignty and the freedom of investment and is the necessary and natural result of recognizing the institutional distinction between trade behavior and investment behavior under national law.ZTE’s case,in which trade control measures are directly or indirectly deployed to alter corporate governance,will become a"terrible example"that destroys the self deductive path of corporate governance.Supporting political power to improperly intervene in corporate governance is not only against the proportionality principle,but also a terrible choice for corporate governance,enterprise autonomy,free economy and global integration.