世界遗产地农户旅游生计效率及影响因素研究——以广东丹霞山为例

On the Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Farmers Tourism Livelihoods in World Heritage Sites:A Case Study of Danxia Mt.in Guangdong Province

农户可持续生计对实施乡村振兴战略意义重大。基于可持续生计框架,提出旅游生计效率的概念及理论模型,构建生计资本的投入指标(旅游用地面积、旅游资金投入及劳动力投入)和以家庭旅游年收入为主的生计产出指标,采用随机前沿模型计算了广东省丹霞山128个农户的旅游生计效率。结果表明,农户旅游生计效率总体水平较高,均值为0.7485,旅游对提升农户生计效率作用显著。旅游用地、资金及劳动力的投入具有边际递减效应,农户需合理配置投入要素才能有效提高生计效率。家庭区位条件、教育水平、人情开支、旅游技能以及旅游生计方式数量对旅游生计效率有正向影响。

Sustainable livelihoods of farmers have great significance to rural-revitalization strategy.Based on sustainable livelihoods framework,this paper proposed the conceptual and theoretical models of tourism livelihood efficiency,and constructed the input index of livelihood capital(area of tourist land,tourism capital investment and labor input)and the output index of livelihood based on annual income of family tourism.Stochastic frontier model was used to calculate tourism livelihood efficiency of 128 farmers in Danxia Mt.Guangdong province.The calculating results showed that the overall efficiency of farmers tourism livelihoods was relatively high,with an average efficiency of 0.7485,and that tourism development was significant to improve farmers livelihood efficiency.The input of tourist land,capital,and labor force have a marginal diminishing effect at the current stage,so farmers are supposed to rationally allocate the input factors in order to effectively improve their tourism livelihood efficiency.Family location,educational level,social expenditure,tourism skills and the number of tourism livelihood strategy had a positive impact on tourism livelihood efficiency.