单行气吸式微型薯精密播种机设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Minituber Precision Single-row Air-suction Planter

针对我国丘陵山地小地块播种需求,及解决机械式微型薯播种机伤种严重、充种效果不佳等问题,设计了一种单行气吸式微型薯精密播种机,可一次完成开沟、播种、覆土作业。阐述了气吸式微型薯精密播种机的工作原理,确定了排种器、开沟覆土器和传动系统的主要结构参数,以"丽薯6号"微型薯为研究对象,采用单因素试验与二次回归旋转正交试验方法,选取振动频率、振动幅度、吸种负压、作业速度为试验因素,对播种机进行了播种性能试验,建立了合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数的数学模型,分析了各试验因素交互作用对合格指数的影响规律。经参数优化,确定最优参数为吸种负压10 k Pa、作业速度2. 5 km/h、振动频率5. 6~6. 8 Hz、振动幅度19. 6~20. 8 mm,并经田间试验验证,该条件下,播种机播种合格指数为93. 28%、漏播指数为3. 25%、重播指数为3. 47%,满足微型薯播种农艺要求。

In the hilly and mountainous areas,it is unable to use large-scale foreign sowing machines,and the traditional mechanical miniature potato seeder has the problems of serious seed-injury and poor filling effect. In order to meet the conditions of small plot operation in hilly and mountainous areas and enhance the mechanization level of minituber,a precision single-row air-suction planter of minituber was designed. The planter consisted of seeding device,fan,ditching device,and soil and ridging device,which can complete ditching,sowing and soil covering work at one time. The working principle of the precision air-suction type planter of minituber was expounded,and the main structural parameters were determined. The " Lishu No. 6" minituber was used as the research object,the single factor test and the quadratic regression rotation orthogonal test method were used to test the seeding performance of the planter,the vibration frequency,vibration amplitude,suction negative pressure and working speed were selected as experimental factors. The mathematical models of the qualified-seeding index,the missseeding index and the multiple-seeding index were established,the influence of the interaction of each test factor on the qualification rate was analyzed. The best combination of working parameters was obtained by four factors and five levels quadratic regression rotary orthogonal test. After optimizing the test parameters,when the suction negative pressure was 10 kPa,the working speed was 2. 5 km/h,the qualified-seeding index was greater than 90%,the miss-seeding index was less than 5%,and the multiple-seeding index was less than 5%. After field test,the qualified-seeding index of the planter was93. 28%,the miss-seeding index was 3. 25% and the multiple-seeding index was 3. 47%. The airsuction planter had stable operation quality and met the requirements of national standards. The results showed that the air-suction planter could fully meet the agronomic requirements of minituber planting.