水稻秸秆全量深埋还田机设计与试验

Design and Experiment on Machine for Rice Straw Full Quantity Deep Buried into Field

针对水稻秸秆全量深埋还田机作业时刀辊前方壅土问题,结合水稻秸秆全量深埋还田机作业过程,分析作业过程中刀辊前方壅土原因,通过运动学及动力学分析,建立在加速阶段及抛运阶段土壤颗粒与还田刀间相对位移模型及在空转阶段土壤颗粒运动模型,利用Matlab对已建立模型求解,确定还田刀的弯折线角为55°、刀辊转速为190 r/min、还田刀弯折角为77°、还田刀宽度为80 mm,并对整机进行配置。以前进速度、留茬高度、离地间隙作为影响因素,以还田率、碎土率、地面平整度及耕深作为响应指标,设计田间试验,并在相对潮湿、粘重的土壤环境下进行适应性试验。田间试验结果表明:水稻秸秆全量深埋还田机可在牵引功率66 k W、留茬高度不大于260 mm、作业速度不大于3 km/h的作业条件下完成作业,还田率达到85%,碎土率与地面平整度均达到95%,前方壅土现象得到明显减轻,且能在相对潮湿、粘重的土壤环境下进行作业,各项指标均优于农艺要求,证明了机具的适用性。

Aiming to prevent the backfilling of soil in front of the machine due to the reverse-rotary during straw deep buried into field.The rice straw full quantity deep buried and returned machine was designed,combined with the operation process of rice straw deep buried into the field.By analyzing the process of reverse-rotary operation,the reason of soil backfilling in front of the machine was explored and the mathematical model of relative position between soil and cutting tool in each stage of machine work were established and the mathematical model was established by Matlab,the angle of bending line was defined as 55°,the rotation speed of the cutter roller was defined as 190 r/min,the bending angle was defined as77°and the width of the cutting tool was defined as 80 mm.At the same time,the arrangement of the cutting tool was designed.The completed machine configuration field tests showed that the machine could complete the operation under different operating environments with stubble height less than 260 mm and operating speed less than 3 km/h,the problem of soil backfilling in front of the machine was solved and the returning rate could be reached more than 85%,soil fragmentation rate and ground flatness could be reached more than 95%.All the indexes could meet the technical requirements and the adaptability test was carried out under the relatively wet and sticky working environment.All the indexes were higher than the agricultural requirements,which proved the applicability of the machine and tools.