电动拖拉机综合台架试验系统设计与试验

Design and Test of Multifunctional Test System for Electric Tractor

电动拖拉机试验具有测试对象多和物理系统复杂的特点,单一试验系统不能满足电动拖拉机性能测试要求。根据电动拖拉机作业特点,通过分析其动力传动系统数学模型,确定了以电动机效率、电池组放电特性为测试变量的设计任务。采用模块化方法,设计了能源系统试验模块、动力系统试验模块和电动拖拉机综合试验系统整体方案。通过研究试验系统总体参数设计方法,得到了加载电动机、电池测试系统和直流电池模拟器等部件的参数计算模型。通过试验系统硬件选型匹配,设计了可满足90 k W以下电动拖拉机性能测试的试验系统。在该试验平台进行了电动拖拉机性能台架试验,结果表明:试验测试误差与前期仿真分析误差在10%以内,设计的综合台架试验系统对电动拖拉机部件性能测试的适用性较好,满足整机性能分析和标定的试验需求。

In order to cope with the energy crisis and environmental pollution,the research and development process of electric tractors was accelerated at home and abroad,but there was no electric tractor products to meet the needs of tractor operation.The tractor test technology can be applied to the performance test of the whole tractor and its components.The indoor bench test played an important role in the development,test and performance improvement of new tractor products.In order to speed up the development of domestic electric tractors,a multi-performance test system was developed for electric tractors,which can realize the performance test of electric tractors’power system and energy system,as well as vehicle performance analysis.Through the force analysis and power system modeling of electric tractor plough operation,the discharge characteristics of battery packs in energy system and the efficiency characteristics of motor in power system had great influence on the operation performance of electric tractor,such as operation time and traction power.The functional requirements of electric tractor test bench were put forward,and the related characteristics of energy system and power system can be tested.According to the results of the scheme design,the design method of main equipment parameters of electric tractor test bench was put forward,including power system test module loading motor,energy system test module battery test system and DC battery simulator,and the components of the test bench were selected.The multi-functional test system of electric tractor was developed,which can complete the power system test and energy system test of electric tractor,realize the multi-function of the test bench developed,and meet the functional requirements of electric tractor development.By testing the battery pack and the motor of the power system of the electric tractor under development,the discharge performance and motor efficiency map of the battery pack can be tested,and the operation performance of the electric tractor can be further obtained.The test results showed that the developed multi-performance test-bed of the electric tractor can effectively test the related performance of the motor and the battery pack,as well as the related performance of the electric tractor.The test results have good consistency with the simulation executed early,the maximum deviation is less than 10%,which means the accuracy of designed multifunction test system can meet the requirements of the development of new products of electric tractor.