4～5岁留守学前儿童自我概念与社会退缩的关系——心理弹性的中介和调节作用

The Effect of Self-concept on the Left-behind Preschool Children’s Social Withdrawal Behavior:Mediating and Moderating Role of Resilience

本研究以广东省3个市县19所幼儿园439名4~5岁留守学前儿童为研究对象,采用自我概念量表、心理弹性量表和社会退缩量表,考察留守学前儿童自我概念、心理弹性与社会退缩的关系,结果显示留守学前儿童社会退缩率显著高于非留守学前儿童;自我概念显著负向预测社会退缩及害羞沉默、主动退缩两个子维度,积极自我概念组的社会退缩总分及害羞沉默、主动退缩两个子维度得分均显著低于消极自我概念组;心理弹性在自我概念与社会退缩及害羞沉默、主动退缩两个子维度间起中介作用和调节作用。增强留守家庭责任意识,培养留守学前儿童积极自我概念,提高留守学前儿童心理弹性水平,有助于减少留守学前儿童社会退缩行为。

In this study,439 left-behind preschool children aged 4~5 years from 19 kindergartens in 3 cities and counties of Guangdong Province were selected as subjects.The relationship between self-concept,resilience and social withdrawal was investigated by using Self-concept Scale,Resilience Scale and Social Withdrawal Scale.The research shows that:(1)Social withdrawal of left-behind preschool children is significantly higher than that of non-left-behind preschool children;(2)Self-concept negatively predicts social withdrawal and shy silence and active withdrawal.The total scores of social withdrawal,shy silence and active withdrawal in positive self-concept group were significantly lower than those in negative self-concept group;(3)Resilience mediates and moderates between self-concept and social withdrawal,shy silence and active withdrawal.By optimizing family environment,cultivating positive selfconcept and enhancing resilience,the social withdrawal behavior of left-behind preschool children can be reduced.