一年生葛茎的化学成分与纤维特性研究

Characterization of the chemical components and fiber characteristics of the annual Pueraria lobata stem

为充分利用葛麻纤维,采用化学法分析湖南和江西不同地区一年生野葛茎和人工栽培粉葛茎及葛麻的化学成分,探讨制麻技术对纤维性能的影响,并通过电镜扫描、显微镜观察等对葛麻表面形态结构、单纤维特性进行表征。结果表明:野生鲜葛茎的干物质总含量高于粉葛的,且干物质总量、不溶性纤维含量均随生长期延长而增加,粉葛的各项指标在地域和品种间均存在差异,在12月采收的3个粉葛中,太空粉葛茎的粗脂肪、粗蛋白、灰分和可溶性纤维的质量分数均较高,江西粉葛的均较低;碱处理法所得葛麻的残胶率明显小于自然发酵法的残胶率,其断裂强度较大,且葛麻表面的纤维结构较清晰;碱处理法所得不同原料葛麻的理化特性和化学成分在地域间、品种间均表现出明显差异,总体上野葛麻的断裂强度较高,野葛和粉葛均有随生长期延长而断裂强度增加的趋势,胶质等非纤维成分达17.5%~33.3%;野葛的纤维素含量均达80%以上,且不同生长期间的纤维素含量没有明显差异,粉葛的纤维素含量低于野葛的,且12月采收的样品纤维素含量显著低于9月采收样品的;葛麻单纤维的公制支数为3098.2~3866.7 m/g,单纤维线密度为2.6~3.2 dtex,野葛麻的平均直径和公制支数优于粉葛麻的;葛麻的纤维素含量、半纤维素含量与葛麻单纤维的理化特性具有密切关联。

In order to characterize the Pueraria lobata fiber,we used chemical method to investigate the chemical composition of annual Pueraria lobate(wild)Ohio stem and cultivated Pueraria thomsonii Benth and P.lobata in Hunan and Jiangxi,and the influence of P.lobate fiber making technology on fiber performance was discussed.The surface morphology and single fiber characteristics of P.lobata fiber were characterized using scanning electron microscope and microscope observation.The results showed that the total dry matter content of P.lobata(wild)Ohio stem was higher than that of P.thomsonii Benth,and the total dry matter content and insoluble fiber content increased with the long-term growth.The indexes of P.thomsonii Benth varied in the sample collected from different regions and varieties.Among the three P.thomsonii Benth collected in December,the contents of crude fat,crude protein,ash and soluble fiber of space P.thomsonii Benth were the highest and those of Jiangxi P.lobata were the lowest.The residual gum rate of P.lobate fiber by alkali treatment was significantly lower than that by natural fermentation,and its breaking strength was larger,and the fiber structure on the surface of P.lobata fiber was clear;the physical and chemical properties of P.lobata fiber by alkali treatment showed obvious differences among regions and varieties,and the breaking strength of P.lobata(wild)Ohio by alkali treatment was higher in general,and P.lobate(wild)fiber and P.thomsonii Benth were have the trend of increasing with the growth of long-term,and the non fiber components such as colloid was 17.5%-33.3%.The fiber content of P.lobata(wild)Ohio was more than 80%,and there was no significant difference in the cellulose content of P.lobata(wild)Ohio during different growth periods.The cellulose content of P.thomsonii Benth was lower than that of P.lobate(wild)Ohio,and the cellulose content of the samples collected in December was significantly lower than that of the samples collected in September.The metric number of single fibers of P.lobate were 3098.2-3866.7 m/g,the linear density of single fibers were 2.6-3.2 dtex,and the average diameter and metric number of P.lobata(wild)Ohio were better than those of P.thomsonii Benth;the cellulose content and hemicellulose content of P.lobata fiber were closely related to the physical and chemical properties of single fiber of P.lobata fiber.