秸秆深翻还田对玉米根系相关特性影响

Effect of Different Ways of Returning Straw to Field on Maize Yield and Root System

本研究在大田条件下设置对照不还田CK、秸秆深翻还田两种处理模式,分析不同生育时期下玉米根系相关形态(根系长度,根系干重,直根数,须根数,胚轴长,气生根及其插入土气生根条数),生理特性(可溶性蛋白,伤流液)的动态变化。结果表明,秸秆深翻还田能够提高玉米生育前中期根系增长的速度,对玉米中后期根系干重变化影响大;与对照不还田相比,秸秆深翻还田能够显著提高玉米生育前期直根数和须根数,加快胚轴缩短,同时显著增加了玉米气生根条数及插入土气生根条数;秸秆深翻还田能显著提高玉米前中期根系可溶性蛋白含量和抽雄期伤流液量。本研究通过秸秆深翻还田探索出促进根系生长发育的理论,进而对地上部植株生长发育及产量起到有利作用。

In this study,two treatment modes of CK without straw returning and straw deep tillage returning were set up under field conditions.Relevant morphology of maize roots at different growth stages(roots length,roots dry weight,roots number,fibrous roots number,hypocotyl length,aerial roots and the number of roots inserted into the soil)and dynamic changes of physiological characteristics(soluble protein,bleeding sap)were analyzed.The results showed that straw deep tillage returning could increase the growth rate of roots in the early and middle growth stages of maize,and had a great influence on the change of root dry weight in the middle and late stages of maize;Compared with the control,straw deep tillage returning could significantly increase the number of straight roots and fibrous roots,accelerate the shortening of hypocotyls,and significantly increase the number of aerial roots and the number of aerial roots inserted into soil.The soluble protein content of maize roots in the early and middle stages and the bleeding sap volume at the stage of tasseling were significantly increased by straw deep tillage returning.In this study,the theory of promoting root growth and development was explored by straw deep tillage returning,which further played a beneficial role in the growth and yield of above ground plants.