5个抗寒砧木对苹果树体生长和叶片矿质元素积累的影响

Effects of Five Cold Resistance Rootstocks on Tree Growth and Accumulation of Mineral Elements in Leaves of Apple

为了探讨不同抗寒矮化砧木对苹果树体生长发育和叶片中矿质元素积累的影响。本研究以5个抗寒矮化砧富士幼树(富士/GM256,辽砧2号, 71-3-150, 60-160, BP/平邑甜茶)为试材,对不同抗寒砧木的树体生长情况和生长期内叶片矿质元素进行了连续3年的测定分析。结果表明,在枝类组成上,‘辽砧2号’树体短枝比例最高(40.9%),长枝比例最小(18.1%);在单株平均产量上,GM256较高;各组合果实的单果重、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量差异不大。生长期,5个抗寒砧木叶片中的叶片氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量处于较高水平,‘辽砧2号’铜含量上在整个生长期保持较高水平;生长后期,‘60-160’铁含量略高。此项研究为抗寒砧木的应用推广提供依据和参考。

In order to investigate the effects of different cold-resistant dwarf rootstocks on the growth and development of apple trees and the accumulation of mineral elements in leaves, the study was carried out with Fuji apple tree seedlings with different cold resistance dwarf interstock(GM256, Liaozhan No.2, 71-3-150, 60-160,BP). T he dynamic changes of tree growth and accumulation of mineral elements in leaves from 2016 to 2018 were investigated. The result showed that the ratio of short shoots of ’Liaozhan No.2’ dwarfing interstock apple tree was the highest(40.9%), and the proportion of long branches was the smallest(18.1%). The cumulative average yield per plant of ’GM256’ dwarfing interstock apple trees was significantly higher than the other four rootstocks.There was no significant difference in average weight of fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit hardness, the content of soluble solid and solid-acid ratio among five different dwarfing interstock apple trees. During the growing stages,the contents of N, P, Ca, and Mg in the leaves of the scion trees grafted on five cold resistance dwarfing rootstocks were higher, and Cu content was higher on ’Liaozhan No.2’. However, the contents of Fe in leaves on ’60-160’were slightly higher in later growth stage. This study provides foundation and reference for the application of cold-resistant rootstock.