宋代巡抚使初探

The Governors of the Song Dynasty

"巡抚"一词最早出现于南北朝时期,唐代始设巡抚使,在宋以前并不常见。自北宋建立后出现的频次增多,与前代一样依旧只是临时差遣,并无固定治所。宋代巡抚使始设于淳化四年,从设置时间上看早于安抚使,从职能上看巡抚使与早期安抚使大致相同,但随着安抚使司逐渐成为路一级的正式机构,巡抚使则逐渐为安抚使所取替,因此自仁宗以后就不再派遣。宋代派遣的巡抚使,主要集中于宋太宗、真宗两朝,名义上是为了赈灾抚民、察官员能否,其实际目的乃是察访民间利弊。宋代巡抚使的职能十分广泛,涉及人事监督、军事指挥、民事管理等多个方面。宋代巡抚使虽然设置时间较短,但对宋太宗、真宗两朝国家安定、整肃吏治、防止民变等方面仍然起到了不可忽视的作用。

The term"parade"first appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty,the governor was established.It was not common before the Song Dynasty. Since the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty,the frequency of occurrence has increased. As with the previous generation,it is still only a temporary dispatch,and there is no fixed office. The governor of the Song Dynasty was set up in Suihua for four years. From the time of setting up,it was earlier than the appeasement. From the functional point of view,the governor made it roughly the same as the early appeasement,but with the appeasement gradually becoming the official institution at the road level,the governor of gradual adjustment is replaced by the appeasement,so it will not be sent after Renzong. The governor of the Song Dynasty,mainly concentrated in the Song Taizong and Zhenzong dynasties,nominally for the purpose of disaster relief and inspection of officials,the actual purpose is to visit the advantages and disadvantages of the people. The governor of the Song Dynasty had a wide range of functions,including personnel supervision,military command,and civil management. Although the governor of the Song Dynasty made a short set-up time,it still played an important role in the stability of the Song Taizong and Zhenzong states,the suppression of the rule of the country,and the prevention of the people’s change.