古特雷斯联合国改革议程与中国的建设性角色

António Guterres’s UN Reform Agenda and China’s Constructive Role

秘书长是联合国改革的重要组织者和推动者。古特雷斯秘书长自2017年上任以来致力于推动联合国治理机制改革。新一轮联合国改革议程的核心是着力从制度层面重塑联合国,构建以冲突预防为核心的治理体系,通过“全支柱”和“跨支柱”战略强化联合国系统支柱内及支柱间的整合。古特雷斯联合国改革是21世纪以来联合国进行的重要机制调整,改革既有利于克服联合国碎片化的制度缺陷,也有助于提升联合国系统的一致性;加强跨支柱协调顺应了联合国2030年可持续发展议程的要求。然而,联合国改革进程也受到坚持国家主权原则与提升联合国自主性之间的内在矛盾的制约;南北分裂深刻地影响着改革进程,增进南北共识是推进联合国改革亟须解决的关键问题。基于此,中国应更加积极地参与联合国改革进程,注重在联合国平台上积极推动构建新型国际关系和人类命运共同体,从加强思想引领、承担大国责任、推进南北对话、与联合国共建“一带一路”等方面着力进行外交筹划,在推进全球共识、引领全球治理理念等方面发挥建设性作用。

The United Nations Secretary-General is one of the most important advocates and initiators of UN reform.Mr.António Guterres has devoted considerable time and energies to promoting UN reforms since assuming office in early 2017.His reform proposal aims to establish a governance structure centered around conflict prevention and increase integration among different“pillars”of the UN system.His ambitious agenda may help overcome UN’s institutional fragmentation and increase the coherence of the complex UN system.Better coordination among the three pillars,namely,peace and security,development,and human rights is also in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.However,the tension between national sovereignty and UN autonomy may hamper the latest round of reform efforts,and the South-North divide presents additional challenges.As a UNSC permanent member and rising great power,China should become a prominent actor in the latest reform efforts by narrowing the South-North gap,promoting new ideas about great power compact and compromise,building broad-based consensus on global governance,and advocating BRI cooperation within the UN system.