美国国家公园环境教育规划与管理现状研究及其对中国的启示

The United States National Park Planning and Management of Environmental Education and Its Inspiration to China

美国国家公园环境教育机制具有完备成熟的规划设计方案和理念,对世界上其他国家的国家公园及自然保护地环境教育建设具有实际的借鉴作用和参考价值。从环境教育的规划与管理2个层面剖析美国国家公园环境教育的相关内容,针对具有代表性的环境教育主题分类、多样的环境教育及解说的方案、便捷的学习资源获取渠道、公众参与度和完成度较高的志愿者计划和合作组织、发展完备的环境教育管理等方面进行归纳和总结,并以红杉树国家公园环境教育规划设计为例进行实例分析,结合中国国家公园环境教育机制最为欠缺和需要提高的协调性、联系度、全民公益性、互动性、增益性和契合度等多角度深入挖掘,总结出中国构建国家公园体制中不容忽视、不可或缺的启示内容。

The environmental education mechanism of the National Parks in the United States has a complete and mature planning and design scheme and concept,which has practical reference function and value for the construction of environmental protection in natural protection areas for national parks in other countries of the world.This article analyzes the related content of the construction of the US National Parks Administration from two aspects of planning and management of environmental education mechanism.It also concludes and summarizes the representative voluntary plans and cooperative organizations for environmental education subject classification,diverse programs of environmental education and commentary,convenient access to learning resources and high participation and completion of the public.It takes the environmental education planning and design of Redwood National Park as the case to analyze,and combining several aspects of coordination,linkage,public welfare,interaction,gain and fitness that environmental education mechanisms of national parks in China most lack and urgent to improve,from which to conduct deep exploration.Then it sums up the enlightenment contents that are indispensable and cannot be ignored for the construction of the national park system in China.