论斯宾诺莎对《圣经》诠释学的批判与修正

On Spinoza’s Critique and Revision of the Bible’s Hermeneutics

斯宾诺莎通过对文本诠释客观性和历史性的分析指出,《圣经》不能以先入为主的见解或者关系不那么密切的互文性来进行解释,其全部解释必须且只能求助于本书,对于书中语义不明的部分,须通过上下文语境推断出适当的解释,因为诠释的目的在于探求作者原意。斯宾诺莎对《圣经》诠释方法的更正,从根本上推翻了教会独断式的诠释方法,从事实上取消了诠释学对象“特殊”与“普遍”的区别,不仅使诠释对象的范围得到了扩大,也为后来的文本诠释理论指明了方向。

Spinoza’s analysis of the objectivity and historicity of the text indicates that the Bible cannot be interpreted with preconceived opinions or the intertextuality with less close relationship.The entire interpretation on the Bible can and must only rely on this book.For the unclear part,the appropriate explanation must be inferred from the context,because the purpose of interpretation is to seek the author’s original intention.Spinoza’s correction of the Bible’s interpretation method fundamentally overthrew the church’s arbitrary interpretation method and eliminated the distinction between the"special"and"universal"objects of hermeneutics in fact,which not only enlarges the scope of the interpretation object,but also points out the direction for the later textual interpretation theory.